It explores numerous syntactical categories, some of which have not previously been dealt with in print, and has a number of distinguishing features, including:Exegetically significant illustrations, discussed in depth.Semantic situations—or contexts for simple semantics—are developed and analyzed.Expanded definitions and numerous examples and syntactical categories.Grammatical statistics listed at the beginning of major sections.Scores of charts, tables, and graphs.Sound exegesis requires that the exegete consider grammar within a larger framework that includes context, lexeme, and other linguistic features. This textbook faithfully equips intermediate Greek students with the skills they need to do exegesis of biblical texts in a way that is faithful to their intended meaning.The expanded edition contains a subject index, a Greek word index, and page numbers in the Syntax Summary section.

    Rarely has a book so packed with accurate and well researched factual information been so widely read and popularly acclaimed. It has played a key role in the spread of general interest in language matters, generating further publications and broadcasting events for an avid audience. Its First Edition appeared in hardback in 1995 and a revised paperback in 1997. There have been numerous subsequent updated reprintings; but this Second Edition now presents an overhaul of the subject for a new generation of language-lovers and of teachers, students and professional English-users concerned with their own linguistic legacy.The book offers a unique experience of the English language, exploring its past, present and future. David Crystal systematically explains the history, structure, variety and range of uses of English worldwide, employing a rich apparatus of text, pictures, tables, maps and graphics.The length of the Second Edition has increased by 16 pages and there are 44 new illustrations, a new chapter, extensive new material on world English and Internet English, and a complete updating of statistics, further reading suggestions and other references throughout the book.

    Rick Steves, bestselling author of travel guides to Europe, offers well-tested phrases and key words to cover every situation a traveler is likely to encounter. This handy guide provides key phrases for use in everyday circumstances, complete with phonetic spelling; an English-Italian and Italian-English dictionary; the latest information on European currency and rail transportation, and even a tear-out cheat sheet for continued language practice as you wait in line at the Sistine Chapel. Informative, concise, and practical, Rick Steves' Italian Phrase Book and Dictionary is an essential item for any traveler's zainetto.

    the book contains 165 varied exercises providing students with extra practice of the grammar studied. Suitable for class work or for self-study, the exercises offer excellent revision, consolidation and extension opportunities.English Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises New Edition:• provides contrastive practice of the grammar areas covered in English Grammar in Use Third Edition• has a wide variety of exercise types, including many based on different kind of texts, for added interest• has a fresh new design and is attractively illustrated

    Even knowing a little bit of Spanish will make travel to Latin America or Spanish-speaking countries a breeze. Whether you want to travel, communicate with friends or colleagues, reconnect with family, or just understand more of what’s going on in the world around you, learning Spanish will expand your horizons and immeasurably enrich your life. The best part is that it doesn’t have to be difficult or take years to master. Thirty minutes a day is all it takes, and we get you speaking right from the first day. Pimsleur courses use a scientifically-proven method that puts you in control of your learning. If you’ve tried other language learning methods but found they simply didn’t stick, then you owe it to yourself to give Pimsleur a try.Why Pimsleur? - Quick + Easy – Only 30 minutes a day. - Portable + Flexible – Core lessons can be done anytime, anywhere, and easily fit into your busy life. - Proven Method – Works when other methods fail. - Self-Paced – Go fast or go slow – it’s up to you. - Based in Science – Developed using proven research on memory and learning. - Cost-effective – Less expensive than classes or immersion, and features all native speakers. - Genius – Triggers your brain’s natural aptitude to learn. - Works for everyone – Recommended for ages 13 and above.What’s Included? - 30, 30-minute audio lessons - 60 minutes of reading instruction to provide you with an introduction to reading Spanish designed to teach you to sound out words with correct pronunciation and accent - in total, 16 hours of audio, all featuring native speakers - a Reading Booklet and User’s GuideWhat You’ll Learn In the first 10 lessons, you’ll cover the basics: saying hello, asking for or giving information, scheduling a meal or a meeting, asking for or giving basic directions, and much more. You’ll be able to handle minimum courtesy requirements, understand much of what you hear, and be understood at a beginning level, but with near-native pronunciation skills. In the next 10 lessons, you’ll build on what you’ve learned. Expand your menu, increase your scheduling abilities from general to specific, start to deal with currency and exchanging money, refine your conversations and add over a hundred new vocabulary items. You’ll understand more of what you hear, and be able to participate with speech that is smoother and more confident. In the final 10 lessons, you’ll be speaking and understanding at an intermediate level. In this phase, more directions are given in the target language, which moves your learning to a whole new plane. Lessons include shopping, visiting friends, going to a restaurant, plans for the evening, car trips, and talking about family. You’ll be able to speak comfortably about things that happened in the past and make plans for the future. Reading Lessons are included at the end of Lesson 30 to provide you with an introduction to reading Spanish. These lessons, which total about one hour, are designed to teach you to sound out words with correct pronunciation and accent.The Pimsleur Method We make no secret of what makes this powerful method work so well. Paul Pimsleur spent his career researching and perfecting the precise elements anyone can use to learn a language quickly and easily. Here are a few of his “secrets”:The Principle of Anticipation In the nanosecond between a cue and your response, your brain has to work to come up with the right word. Having to do this boosts retention, and cements the word in your mind.Core Vocabulary Words, phrases, and sentences are selected for their usefulness in everyday conversation. We don’t overwhelm you with too much, but steadily increase your ability with every lesson.Graduated Interval Recall Reminders of new words and structures come up at the exact interval for maximum retention and storage into your long-term memory.Organic Learning You work on multiple aspects of the language simultaneously. We integrate grammar, vocabulary, rhythm, melody, and intonation into every lesson, which allows you to experience the language as a living, expressive form of human culture.Learning in Context Research has shown that learning new words in context dramatically accelerates your ability to remember. Every scene in every Pimsleur lesson is set inside a conversation between two people. There are no drills, and no memorization necessary for success.Active Participation The Pimsleur Method + active learner participation = success. This method works with every language and every learner who follows it. You gain the power to recall and use what you know, and to add new words easily, exactly as you do in English.The Spanish Language Spanish is the official language of 19 Latin American nations, as well as Spain, the Dominican Republic, and Cuba. Further, it’s one of the six official languages recognized by the United Nations. Pimsleur's Spanish programs teach an educated Latin American Spanish, featuring speakers from Colombia and Mexico. Students can expect to understand the lessons clearly and to be understood by Spanish speakers everywhere.Tech Talk - CDs are formatted for playing in all CD players, including car players, and users can copy files for use in iTunes or Windows Media Player.

    The most frequently-used Portuguese verbs are presented alphabetically in table form, one verb per page. Each verb is completely conjugated in all tenses with English translations. A new index in this edition lists an additional 1,000 verbs with English translations, cross-referenced to verbs that are similarly conjugated in the main text. Language students will find additional material covering idiomatic verb usage, grammatical construction, and more.

    Often, however, our use of language is so automatic that we neglect to consider where those words came from and what they assume. What are the implications, beyond the simple dictionary definitions, of using words such as privilege, hysteria, seminal, and gyp?Browsing through the pages of The Barhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology is like exploring the historical, political, and rhetorical wonderland of our linguistic heritage. We see the evolution of ideas, as rootword connections that now seem arbitrary are traced to schools of thought from the past. We also find an opportunity to examine how the sometimes backwards, sometimes hilarious, and sometimes illuminating ideologies built into our language affect our modern thinking.Written in a fresh, accessible style, this book provides the derivations of over 21,000 English-language words without resorting to the use of abbreviations, symbols, or technical terminology. Drawing on the most current American scholarship, and focusing onthe core words in contemporary English, The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology is both a diverting browse and a thinking person's Bible.

    Regular, irregular, and defective verbs are each given a full page, with principle parts and complete conjugations.

    The best part is that it doesn’t have to be difficult or take years to master. Thirty minutes a day is all it takes, and we get you speaking right from the first day. Pimsleur courses use a scientifically-proven method that puts you in control of your learning. If you’ve tried other language learning methods but found they simply didn’t stick, then you owe it to yourself to give Pimsleur a try.Why Pimsleur? - Quick + Easy – Only 30 minutes a day. - Portable + Flexible – Core lessons can be done anytime, anywhere, and easily fit into your busy life. - Proven Method – Works when other methods fail. - Self-Paced – Go fast or go slow – it’s up to you. - Based in Science – Developed using proven research on memory and learning. - Cost-effective – Less expensive than classes or immersion, and features all native speakers. - Genius – Triggers your brain’s natural aptitude to learn. - Works for everyone – Recommended for ages 13 and above. What’s Included? - 30, 30-minute audio lessons - 60 minutes of reading instruction to provide you with an introduction to reading French designed to teach you to sound out words with correct pronunciation and accent - in total, 16 hours of audio, all featuring native speakers - a Reading Booklet and a User’s GuideWhat You’ll Learn In the first 10 lessons, you’ll cover the basics: saying hello, asking for or giving information, scheduling a meal or a meeting, asking for or giving basic directions, and much more. You’ll be able to handle minimum courtesy requirements, understand much of what you hear, and be understood at a beginning level, but with near-native pronunciation skills. In the next 10 lessons, you’ll build on what you’ve learned. Expand your menu, increase your scheduling abilities from general to specific, start to deal with currency and exchanging money, refine your conversations and add over a hundred new vocabulary items. You’ll understand more of what you hear, and be able to participate with speech that is smoother and more confident. In the final 10 lessons, you’ll be speaking and understanding at an intermediate level. In this phase, more directions are given in the target language, which moves your learning to a whole new plane. Lessons include shopping, visiting friends, going to a restaurant, plans for the evening, car trips, and talking about family. You’ll be able to speak comfortably about things that happened in the past and make plans for the future. Reading Lessons begin in Lesson 9 to provide you with an introduction to reading French. In addition, the combined Reading Lessons are included after Lesson 30. These Reading Lessons, which total about one hour, are designed to teach you to sound out words with correct pronunciation and accent. The Pimsleur Method We make no secret of what makes this powerful method work so well. Paul Pimsleur spent his career researching and perfecting the precise elements anyone can use to learn a language quickly and easily. Here are a few of his “secrets”:The Principle of Anticipation In the nanosecond between a cue and your response, your brain has to work to come up with the right word. Having to do this boosts retention, and cements the word in your mind.Core Vocabulary Words, phrases, and sentences are selected for their usefulness in everyday conversation. We don’t overwhelm you with too much, but steadily increase your ability with every lesson.Graduated Interval Recall Reminders of new words and structures come up at the exact interval for maximum retention and storage into your long-term memory.Organic Learning You work on multiple aspects of the language simultaneously. We integrate grammar, vocabulary, rhythm, melody, and intonation into every lesson, which allows you to experience the language as a living, expressive form of human culture.Learning in Context Research has shown that learning new words in context dramatically accelerates your ability to remember. Every scene in every Pimsleur lesson is set inside a conversation between two people. There are no drills, and no memorization necessary for success.Active Participation The Pimsleur Method + active learner participation = success. This method works with every language and every learner who follows it. You gain the power to recall and use what you know, and to add new words easily, exactly as you do in English.The French Language French is spoken by 55 million speakers in France, 3 million in Belgium, 1.5 million in Switzerland, 6.5 million in Canada, and 5 million in former French and Belgian colonies. It is an official language in 44 countries and an official language of the United Nations. An estimated 50 million people around the world speak French as a second language.Tech Talk - CDs are formatted for playing in all CD players, including car players, and users can copy files for use in iTunes or Windows Media Player.

    With more than 400,000 words, including 2,000+ new and expanded entries, Roget's Superthesaurus offers more features than any other word reference on the market.

    Some 25 years after the poems were written Harp collaborated with clay artist Stephen Freedman to make the written poems visual in the form of sculpted, metaphorical clay vessels. This book is a catalogue which traveled with that exhibition.

    The newly revised section offers new units on verbs in ASL, simple sentences in ASL, classifier predicates, syntax, and basic sentence types. The fourth edition also features groundbreaking research on iconic signs in ASL and the relationship between metaphor and iconicity in signed languages; variation in ASL; the different functions of space in ASL; and the artistic forms of ASL, including storytelling, percussion signing, drama, comedy, and poetry.Updated references and expanded readings delineate all of the linguistic basics, including phonology, semantics, and language use. The fourth edition also provides new homework assignments that correspond to the ASL stories signed on the special DVD enclosed with this new volume.

    Over 80,000 words and phrases are provided for those at all levels of language skill, from travellers to business professionals.

    Some people may be surprised by this feature, especially in that the book is seen as suitable for even absolute beginners. Others (particularly the Japanese-language instructors who pointed out the need for such a publication) will be delighted to find that a full-fledged furigana Japanese-English dictionary is finally available.What is furigana and why is it so important? Furigana refers to the small kana that are printed above or alongside kanji to show the pronunciation of the Chinese character. With furigana superscripts, the beginner who is familiar with hiragana and katakana is able to read even the most difficult and obscure kanji at a glance. Other publications either provide little or no guide to kanji readings or romanize some or all the Japanese words and sentences. Previously, romanized Japanese dictionaries were of some value to students using textbooks that contained no Japanese script. Recently, however, an increasing number of influential curriculums around the world are based on a rationale and methodology that demands the introduction of hiragana and katakana from the earliest stages. Learners and their teachers studying under such curriculums will inevitably feel more comfortable with a dictionary like Kodansha's Furigana Japanese-English Dictionary, one that shows the pronunciation of kanji with familiar and authentic kana script.But it does not end there. The comprehensive 16,000-word basic vocabulary comprises a generous and balanced selection of native Japanese words, kanji compounds, and foreign loanwords. Precise and informative definitions, written specifically for English speakers, offer expert guidance on points of grammar, meaning, style, orthography, pronunciation, and punctuation. Concise and insightful explanations clarify even the most troublesome cultural terms. In addition there are 50,000 sample sentences that provide a context-based understanding of how words are linked together to form authentic and natural Japanese sentences.Features that help expand word power and increase vocabulary skills have also been included in Kodansha's Furigana Japanese-English Dictionary. Common collocations, derivatives, and compounds show how word parts fit and work together. Comprehensive cross-referencing makes the learner aware of common synonyms and antonyms, clarifying both meaning and usage. Finally, three appendices explain in detail such complicated areas as conjugating verbs and adjectives, counting, and articulating foreign place names in Japanese.All of this and more in a portable format and at affordable price. Kodansha's furigana Japanese-English Dictionary is the essential dictionary for all students of Japanese.

    Quick answers to questions about punctuation, capitalization, plurals, and quotations.- A guide to copyediting and proofreading- Special sections on word usage and grammar- Instructions for preparing notes and bibliographies

    You modestly reply chal mot'aeyo…With this phrasebook, you can chat with your hosts in the minbak, let your hair down and sing along in a noraebang, or enjoy the stories of friendly farmers and mysterious monks as they guide you around. With a few words in the local language, you'll be savouring Korea's disarming hospitality at its best. all the words and phrases for a great stay in Korea a heaped serving of food terms ensures confident menu ordering buy knick-knacks at the market in the local language all there is to know about Korean etiquette and body language easy to use phonetic transliterations of the Hangul script throughout plenty of phrases to join in the friendly fun at soccer games

    Teaches all four language skills speaking, listening (when used in conjunction with the cassette tapes), reading and writing . Offers clear, easy, step-by-step instruction, building on what has beenpreviously learned. Used by many Thai temples in America. Recommended books to be studied along with Thai for Beginners are Thai for Travelers (a practical Thai phrase book) and Speak like a Thai series by the same author.

    The best part is that it doesn’t have to be difficult or take years to master. Thirty minutes a day is all it takes, and we get you speaking right from the first day. Pimsleur courses use a scientifically-proven method that puts you in control of your learning. If you’ve tried other language learning methods but found they simply didn’t stick, then you owe it to yourself to give Pimsleur a try.Why Pimsleur? - Quick + Easy – Only 30 minutes a day. - Portable + Flexible – Core lessons can be done anytime, anywhere, and easily fit into your busy life. - Proven Method – Works when other methods fail. - Self-Paced – Go fast or go slow – it’s up to you. - Based in Science – Developed using proven research on memory and learning. - Cost-effective – Less expensive than classes or immersion, and features all native speakers. - Genius – Triggers your brain’s natural aptitude to learn. - Works for everyone – Recommended for ages 13 and above. What’s Included? - 30, 30-minute audio lessons - 60 minutes of reading instruction to provide you with an introduction to reading Italian designed to teach you to sound out words with correct pronunciation and accent - in total, 16 hours of audio, all featuring native speakers - a Reading Booklet and a User’s GuideWhat You’ll Learn In the first 10 lessons, you’ll cover the basics: saying hello, asking for or giving information, scheduling a meal or a meeting, asking for or giving basic directions, and much more. You’ll be able to handle minimum courtesy requirements, understand much of what you hear, and be understood at a beginning level, but with near-native pronunciation skills. In the next 10 lessons, you’ll build on what you’ve learned. Expand your menu, increase your scheduling abilities from general to specific, start to deal with currency and exchanging money, refine your conversations and add over a hundred new vocabulary items. You’ll understand more of what you hear, and be able to participate with speech that is smoother and more confident. In the final 10 lessons, you’ll be speaking and understanding at an intermediate level. In this phase, more directions are given in the target language, which moves your learning to a whole new plane. Lessons include shopping, visiting friends, going to a restaurant, plans for the evening, car trips, and talking about family. You’ll be able to speak comfortably about things that happened in the past and make plans for the future. Reading Lessons begin in Lesson 9 to provide you with an introduction to reading Italian. In addition, the combined Reading Lessons are included after Lesson 30. These Reading Lessons, which total about one hour, are designed to teach you to sound out words with correct pronunciation and accent. The Pimsleur Method We make no secret of what makes this powerful method work so well. Paul Pimsleur spent his career researching and perfecting the precise elements anyone can use to learn a language quickly and easily. Here are a few of his “secrets”:The Principle of Anticipation In the nanosecond between a cue and your response, your brain has to work to come up with the right word. Having to do this boosts retention, and cements the word in your mind.Core Vocabulary Words, phrases, and sentences are selected for their usefulness in everyday conversation. We don’t overwhelm you with too much, but steadily increase your ability with every lesson.Graduated Interval Recall Reminders of new words and structures come up at the exact interval for maximum retention and storage into your long-term memory.Organic Learning You work on multiple aspects of the language simultaneously. We integrate grammar, vocabulary, rhythm, melody, and intonation into every lesson, which allows you to experience the language as a living, expressive form of human culture.Learning in Context Research has shown that learning new words in context dramatically accelerates your ability to remember. Every scene in every Pimsleur lesson is set inside a conversation between two people. There are no drills, and no memorization necessary for success.Active Participation The Pimsleur Method + active learner participation = success. This method works with every language and every learner who follows it. You gain the power to recall and use what you know, and to add new words easily, exactly as you do in English.The Italian Language Italian is the official language of Italy and San Marino, and one of the official languages of Switzerland, Croatia, and Slovenia. Italian is spoken by about 58 million people in Italy, 24,000 in San Marino, 840,000 in Switzerland, another million in other European countries, and approximately 5 million in North and South America. Historically, Italian is a daughter language of Latin. Italian uses the Roman alphabet and the pronunciation of the language follows the spelling very closely.Tech Talk - CDs are formatted for playing in all CD players, including car players, and users can copy files for use in iTunes or Windows Media Player.

    With more than 7,000 up-to-date phrases, this dictionary covers situations from talking to a doctor to ordering a meal, and helps learners communicate personal feelings, and make small talk.

    Unlike Alan Gardiner's monumental Egyptian Grammar, this is not intended as a reference work, and it is designed to be as user-friendly as possible by, for example, presenting simplified forms of genuine texts rather than diving straight into the originals. It is suggested the the 16 lessons be spread over about 30 weeks study. The book is widely used in North American courses.

    It features chapters on 'Language in Use', 'Attitudes to Language', 'Children and Language' and 'Language, Mind and Brain'.

    It teaches using common examples of idiom and does so with humour and style.

    The feature that makes this vocabulary book distinctive is the way words are divided into themes, grouped together so that the foreign traveler or language student can find words related by subject. The subject themes include business terms, medical terms, household terms, scientific words and phrases, units of measurement, clothing, food and dining, transportation, art and culture-- 24 separate themes in all. The new second edition has been expanded and updated with increased vocabulary.

    The "Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin" includes approximately 17,000 words with the common meanings of the Latin terms found in church writings. Entries cover Scripture, Canon Law, the Liturgy, Vatican II, the early church fathers, and theological terms. This volume will prove to be an invaluable resource for theological students, as well as for those seeking to improve their knowledge of ecclesiastical Latin. An appendix also provides descriptions of ecclesiastical structures and explains technical terms from ecclesiastical law. The "Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin" has already been widely praised for its serviceability and indispensability in both academic and Church settings.

    It is a stimulating and infectious approach, designed to cultivate rapid and lasting enthusiasm for Sanskrit.

    The focus of the paperback edition is the exploration of semantic and lexical theory and its application to language teaching and language learning. Following the format of its companion volume, Discourse and Language Education, winner of the Modern Language Association's Kenneth W. Mildenberger Prize, each chapter contains a wide variety of hands-on practice activities as well as suggestions for application and research.

    

    First published in 1995, the Collins Gem Scots Dictionary is by far the most popular guide to the language of today’s Scotland, with nearly 1,800 words and phrases from all over Scotland clearly explained and with many helpful examples of usage. Color text makes this best-selling dictionary even more user-friendly. With its durable and eye-catching cover, this is a must for every bookshelf!

    Sample topics covered are: thinking, creativity, math, memory, ancient history, achievement testing, cures for dyslexia, and early

    Comparing these translations verse by verse brings to light important differences in language and interpretation among seven works based on the same original language documents. The translations included in The Precise Parallel New Testament have all at one time been considered the most accurate versions of their eras. This volume reveals how the perception of accuracy has changed over the years. The emergence of new scholarship and the growing importance of issues such as inclusive language have forced revisions of older versions such as the King James and the Rheims. These changes have caused more contemporary translations to emerge including The New American Standard, considered the closest approximation to a word-for-word translation of the original texts, and The Amplified Bible, which reflects word for word accuracy in a different way by providing alternative translations of certain words within the text to make their meaning clearer. The Precise Parallel New Testament includes translations spanning the widest range of Christian perspectives. The Rheims and the more contemporaryNew American Bible are preferred by Catholics. The New International Version and The New American Standard present a more evangelical view in their interpretation. The New Revised Standard Version is favored by mainline Protestants for its accuracy and sensitivity to issues such as inclusive language. This volume gives remarkable insight into the effects time and differet faith orientations have had on translation of this fundamental work. The Precise Parallel New Testament is an invaluable resource for readers with a deep interest in the study of language and the Bible. It is also an excellent reference tool for pastors and language scholars. * Gives insight into the influences of different faiths and social views on translation of the Bible. * Presents seven of the most well-known Bible translations side by side for comparison with the original Greek.

    The new second edition presents a significantly increased number of exercises, all of them providing practice in every sound that is specific to American-style English. Emphasis is on stress and intonation patterns in conversational English. Recognition of these patterns is essential to fluent speech and listening comprehension. Four compact discs replace the first edition's audiocassettes, and have been increased by 50 minutes in playing time to a total of 5 hours and 20 minutes.

    Coverage includes the entire developmental period through adolescence, as well as additional concepts related to child language disorders such as prevention, syndromes associated with language disorders, and multicultural practice. Using a descriptive-developmental approach (also known as communication-language approach), this resource presents basic concepts and vocabulary used in the field, an overview of key issues and controversies, an understanding of the scope of communicative difficulties that make up child language disorders, and information on how language pathologists approach the assessment and intervention processes.

    As computers become ubiquitous in our society, more people are focusing on learning technology--often at the expense of developing more basic academic skills, most notably proper writing.Revised and enhanced, this critically acclaimed and highly praised handbook provides a light, but thorough approach to learning better writing style.

    He uses the comparative method to reconstruct traditional poetic formulae of considerable complexity that stretch as far back as the original common language. Thus, Watkins reveals the antiquity and tenacity of the Indo-European poetic tradition.Watkins begins this study with an introduction to the field of comparative Indo-European poetics; he explores the Saussurian notions of synchrony and diachrony, and locates the various Indo-European traditions and ideologies of the spoken word. Further, his overview presents case studies on the forms of verbal art, with selected texts drawn from Indic, Iranian, Greek, Latin, Hittite, Armenian, Celtic, and Germanic languages.In the remainder of the book, Watkins examines in detail the structure of the dragon/serpent-slaying myths, which recur in various guises throughout the Indo-European poetic tradition. He finds the signature formula for the myth--the divine hero who slays the serpent or overcomes adversaries--occurs in the same linguistic form in a wide range of sources and over millennia, including Old and Middle Iranian holy books, Greek epic, Celtic and Germanic sagas, down to Armenian oral folk epic of the last century. Watkins argues that this formula is the vehicle for the central theme of a proto-text, and a central part of the symbolic culture of speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language: the relation of humans to their universe, the values and expectations of their society. Therefore, he further argues, poetry was a social necessity for Indo- European society, where the poet could confer on patrons what they and their culture valued above all else: imperishable fame.

    Encapsulating the work of two leading figures in the field, it will be a standard work of reference for researchers in phonetics, linguistics and speech science for many years to come. The scope of the book is truly global, with data drawn from nearly 400 languages, many of them investigated at first hand by the authors.

    With literary and cultural studies arguably the fastest growing areas of study in the humanities, many readers both within and outside the academy find it imperative to keep abreast of developments in these fields."The Columbia Dictionary of Modern Literary and Cultural Criticism" helps to initiate the curious generalist into the often exclusionary world of these theoretical vocabularies, and to authoritatively refresh the memories of specialists themselves on certain necessary terms and their roots.

    The symbols represent sounds, yet they exist in their own right, often invested with quasi-magical power. This book examines the many imaginative, often idiosyncratic ways in which the letters of the alphabet have been assigned value in political, spiritual, or religious belief systems over two millennia.

    Rick Steves, bestselling author of travel guides to Europe, offers well-tested phrases and key words to cover every situation a traveler is likely to encounter. This handy guide provides key phrases for use in everyday circumstances, complete with phonetic spelling, an English-Spanish and Spanish-English dictionary, the latest information on European currency and rail transportation, and even a tear-out cheat sheet for continued language practice as you wait in line at the Guggenheim Bilbao. Informative, concise, and practical, Rick Steves' Spanish Phrase Book and Dictionary is an essential item for any traveler's mochila.

    Although strictly defined as flourishing from 1798 to 1835, Romanticism is not timebound and German Romantic poetry was written both before and after these dates. Indeed, the 131 poems in this volume range in date from 1770 to 1903.Collected here are great romantic poems by 23 poets: Goethe, Schiller, Hiilderlin, Novalis, Tieck, Brentano, Ruckert, Heine, Miirike, Storm, Nietzsche, and 12 more. Stanley Appelbaum has provided excellent new literal English translations of the poems on facing pages, along with an informative introduction and concise evaluations of each poet. This is a wonderful opportunity for any student of German or lover of poetry to enjoy a rich sampling from one of the world’s great poetic traditions.

    Antonio Loprieno discusses the hieroglyphic system and its cursive varieties, and the phonology, morphology and syntax of Ancient Egyptian, as well as looking at its genetic ties with other languages of the Near East. This book will be indispensable for both linguists and Egyptologists.

    Answer Key contains answers to all exercises. The exercise text provides additional exercises, additional explanatory material and answer keys for all exercises in the ancillary text. Online audio files of vocabulary and exercises are available for the first half of the text, developed by David Noe, Calvin College.

    It is a language textbook, designed to introduce students with one year or more of Latin to the Latin writing and culture of the period A.D. 550-1200. It is the only systematic introduction for students to all types of Medieval Latin writing.

    Mastronarde, University of California Press 1993. The answers given here take into account the very few changes and corrections in the exercises made in the third printing of the paperback edition (and all subsequent printings), which was issued in 1995. The different answers applicable to the first and second printing are recorded in notes.

    Detailed charts, lists, diagrams, maps, and more than 15,000 full-color photos and illustrations highlight thousands of facts.

    In this ingenious guide, enjoy the wit of two English language mavens as they entertain while answering all our perplexing questions.

    These CDs are recorded by native Welsh speakers and will play on any audio system. The material can be used on its own or to accompany the book, helping you with pronunciation and listening skills.

    Students, travelers, scholars, and native speakers have depended on Prisma for over 25 years, making these the best-selling of all Swedish-English dictionaries.The unabridged volumes have now been updated and revised in a new third edition. These companion volumes each have over 50,000 entries, phonetic transcriptions, and codes for inflections on nouns, adjectives, and verbs.

    Durable plastic cover.

    Anyone working with at risk studentsthose for whom school has not been a place of successwill find here a reflection of their own experiences, plus thoughtful and creative strategies for making those experiences positive ones. When Janet Allen, a respected lecturer, researcher, and award-winning teacher, began teaching in 1972, she was wholly unprepared for the challenges she encountered: motivating the unmotivated, developing a curriculum with no models to draw from, building an environment that supported strategic learning, finding creative resources with limited means, and dealing with reluctant, even rebellious students. More daunting, perhaps, was the challenge of constantly rekindling her own fervor for teaching. But she persevered and found ways to break through those obstacles.It's Never Too Late is at once a story and a how to book. Readers will find absorbing case studies, photographs, quotes from educators, surveys, activities, and step by-step strategies for teaching reading and writing to the most reluctant middle and secondary school students. Most important, they will find affirmation for the powerful role they play as teachers.

    Here at your fingertips are over 5,000 of the best things ever said on more than 300 topics. From Actors to Writing by way of America, Children, Cinema, Last Words, Lying, Marriage, Politicians, Sex and Taxes, it only takes a moment to find the perfect witticism, bon mot, or sage adage to suit any occasion. The fourth edition has many new themes, including Parties, Motivation, and Relationships. And it's portable--ideal for students, writers, or busy executives on the go. Full of snappy one-liners and the world's greatest ideas, The Little Oxford Dictionary of Quotations ranges from the wisdom of the Bible, Shakespeare, and the great philosophers to the more modern meditations of Bona, J. K. Rowling, and George W. Bush. There is Yogi Berra's immortal "The future ain't what it used to be," Robert Louis Stevenson "Wine is bottled poetry," and Lao Tzu's "A good traveller has no fixed plans." From literature to the law, music to the movies, readers will find an abundance of classic quotes and little known gems to enliven their speeches, conversation, reports and correspondence. And to make this volume even easier to use, a full index allows readers to search the text by author as well as theme. Concise, convenient, authoritative, and affordable, The Little Oxford Dictionary of Quotations allows readers to keep a traveling data base of entertainment and information right in their own pockets. It's as handy as it is indispensable--the perfect reference for home, school, and office.

    Contains: over 60,000 translations; full treatment of all the essential vocabulary of Irish and English; guide to Irish grammar; attractive, user-friendly layout.

    Dr. Brennan's argument focuses on the plight of today's unwanted, before and after birth and in the later stages of life.

    Extensively updated from the first edition, the main thrust of this book is to suggest that the two main functions of song are attracting a mate and defending territory. It shows how this evolutionary pressure has led to the amazing variety and complexity we see in the songs of different species throughout the world. Writing primarily for students and researchers in animal behavior, the authors review over 1000 scientific papers and reveal how scientists are beginning to unravel and understand how and why birds communicate with the elaborate vocalizations we call song. Highly illustrated throughout and written in straightforward language, Bird Song also holds appeal for amateur ornithologists with some knowledge of biology.

    This comprehensive volume explores the widespread issues involved in the study of individual learner differences in a variety of settings.

    It is used by universities all over the world and is accessible to those who wish to master the language through self-study at the intermediate and advanced levels.

    Model translations, notes and suggestions for teaching and assessment are provided in a Teachers' Handbook; this is available for free download at http: //www.routledge.com/cw/thinkingtranslat...Thinking Spanish Translation is essential reading for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of Spanish and translation studies. The book will also appeal to a wide range of language students and tutors through the general discussion of the principles and purposes of translation.

    By learning to frame issues as trade-offs among these design variables, one can see underlying patterns that previously had not been visible - and thereby make more intelligent analyses, choices, and commitments than would otherwise be possible. Seeing Organizational Patterns converts organizational design into an art form of triangular patterns. Featuring vivid examples and consulting-based cases, this book offers a wealth of theoretical insights and practical lessons. Keidel provides a set of conceptual lenses that enables you to see organizations more clearly, systematically, and imaginatively than ever before.

    Or get talking and bring home souvenirs that no one can match. Open this phrasebook and make this trip your own.Our phrasebooks give you a comprehensive mix of practical and social words and phrases in more than 120 languages. Chat with the locals and discover their culture - a guaranteed way to enrich your travel experience.

    This thorough revision of the 1995 language learning book is designed for travelers and beginning learners of Japanese.

    Learning can take place implicitly, with explicit problem-solving skills, or as a result of explicit instruction. Employing a cognitive approach to combine contributions from specialists in disciplines such as psychology, linguistics, neuroscience and computing, this book presents a general study of how learing takes place. In particular, it looks at how various processes affect and influence language acquisition.

    It has been designed to facilitate the process of translation and make it more natural for readers, since the pictures provide an accurate reconstruction while giving clues for the Latin. The maps, travel routes, battle plans, and diagrams of military camps and Gallic settlements within the text also help readers make better sense of what seem to be abstract translation passages.

    Impressively detailed, including both Middle and Late Egyptian terms and with useful lists of names of deities, kings and toponyms.

    It contains notes on the Greek texts that appear in the Reading Greek Text volume, translations of all the texts, answers to the exercises in the Grammar, Vocabulary and Exercises volume and cross references to the relevant fifth-century B.C. background in The World of Athens. There are instructions on how to use the course and the Study Guide. Apart from those studying entirely on their own, students in schools, in universities and summer schools who have to learn Greek rapidly and intensively will also welcome the appearance of this book.

    Data provided on interactional strategies, 'hedges and boosters', compliments and apologies, demonstrates ways in which women's politeness patterns differ from men's, with the implications of these different patterns explored, for women in particular, in the areas of education and professional careers.

    A unique problem-solving approach prepares teachers to present grammar to students with confidence and clarity.

    Features accessible coverage of syntax, morphology, and phonology, as well as basic linguistic concepts. Includes numerous examples, exercises, and an indexed glossary. Is supported by an online instructor's manual available at: http: //www.blackwellpublishing.com/wardhaugh.

    In Talking Proper, Mugglestone studies the shifts in attitudes to language (and in language itself) which, in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, came to influence the rise of many still current peculiarities of English speech.

    This sign list is designed as a accompaniment to James Hoch's Middle Egyptian Grammar, a practical course for students of the Ancient Egyptian language.

    Despite the widespread popular interest in research into local and family history there has been no recent textbook to help the beginner to cope with the great barrier preventing access to that wealth of information—medieval Latin. This book remedies the omission. It embodies the author’s experience as a university teacher of Latin and local history over 20 years, deriving from the notes and material developed for the Latin examination in the local history certificate courses which he organized. After dealing with the basic grammar of Latin, this very practical book examines the structure and vocabulary of the records use in local and family research, including Episcopal visitation, church court records, sepulchral inscriptions, wills, manorial court rolls, charters, and deeds. A final chapter explains the abbreviations used in medieval Latin. The book is complete in itself and contains al the necessary tables of declensions and conjugations plus a glossary of more than 800 words. The book is uniquely user-friendly, as the pace of instruction is never rushed, and the passages for translation are carefully graded for grammar and vocabulary and selected both for their intrinsic interest and for their representative character. The reader who works systematically through the book will be equipped to handle the Latin of the documents encountered by the do-it-yourself local or family historian.

    Its erudition is unsurpassed, and its unorthodox conclusions are a continuing challenge. Prof. Dr. Martin Haspelmath, Max-Planck-Institut fur Evolutionare Anthropologie The authors propose a revision of views on a number of central issues of Indo-European studies. Based on findings of typology, they suggest a new analysis of the phonological system of Proto-Indo-European (the Glottalic Theory ); they offer novel assumptions about the relative chronology of changes in PIE vowels and laryngeals. Their conclusions are compared with data from Proto-Kartvelian. In the second part of the book, semantically organized presentation of material from the lexicon is combined with analyses of the use of forms and formulae in a broadly defined cultural context. Again similarities with properties of primarily Kartvelian and Semitic are described, and extended close contacts with these language families are postulated. This necessarily leads to a proposal to place the hypothetical Urheimat of the Indo-Europeans in the region south of the Caucasus. Volume and II of the original Russian edition have been combined in the English version as Part I; the Bibliography and Indexes are published as Part II.

    Boxed entries on Italian life and culture and a conversation guide with special treatment of vocabulary needed by travelers make this handy dictionary ideal for the English-speaker traveling abroad.

    originally in vinyl, but we have made arrangements to have the volume rebound, an excellent edition. Available only through South Asia Books, the vinyl covers offered by other dealers tend to split. Our special ed. will be a useful aid for years to come.

    For the great majority of students learning Korean, the study of Chinese characters cannot keep pace with progress in the spoken language. Therefore, it is a great temptation to ignore them. But neglecting the study of Chinese characters will seriously limit one's progress in language study, because more than seventy percent of Korean words are derived from Chinese characters. In order to really master the Korean language, spoken as well as written, the study of Chinese characters is absolutely necessary. This is the standard textbook used by most universities in the United States. It is directly related to Speaking Korean Books I and II. Therefore, it is highly recommended to begin this book after studying the introductory course in Speaking Korean Book I. Most of the sentences in Speaking Korean are repeated in this book for easier learning.

    Focusing on the language of the high classical period, which ranges from the time of Confucius to the unification of the empire by Qin in 221, the book pays particular attention to the Mencius, the Lúnyu, and, to a lesser extent, the Zuõzhuàn texts.Outline of Classical Chinese Grammar starts with a brief historical overview and a discussion of the relation between the writing system and the phonology. This is followed by an outline of overall principles of word order and sentence structure. The next sections deal with the main sentence types – nominal predicates, verbal predicates, and numberical expressions, which constitute a special type of quasiverbal predication. The final sections cover such topics as subordinate constitutents of sentences, nondeclarative sentence types, and complex sentences.

    "Project." "Strategy." "Problem." These may seem like harmless words, but are they? German writer and linguist Uwe Poerksen calls these words "plastic words" because of their malleability and the uncanny way they are used to fit every circumstance. Like plastic Lego blocks, they are combinable and interchangeable. In the mouths of experts politicians, professors, corporate officials, and planners they are used over and over again to explain and justify plans and projects. In the 1940s Harry S. Truman made "underdevelopment" a keystone in U.S. foreign policy, and today the "developed" nations are dedicated to helping their "underdeveloped" neighbors. But who benefits from "development"? Who benefited from the housing "projects" of the 1960s and 1970s? And who among us does not worry when our leaders tell us they have a "strategy" for solving society's "problems"?According to Poerksen, plastic words began as scientific words with specialized meanings. Many had been imported from the vernacular languages to the sciences, but he finds that in recent decades they have migrated back into the vernacular stripped of their specialized meanings. They have international currency and appear repeatedly in political speeches, government reports, and academic conferences. They invade the media and even private conversation. They displace more precise words with words that sound scientific but actually blur meaning and disable common language.Poerksen traces the history of plastic words, establishes criteria for identifying them, and provides a tragicomic critique of the society that relies on them. He shows that when plastic words infiltrate a field of reality, they reorder it in their own image hence their threat. They are building blocks for new models of reality that may seem utopian but that impoverish the world.Plastic Words is a translation of the remarkably successful book first published in Germany in 1988. For the English-language edition, Poerksen has added a new preface, explaining the origin of the book and addressing the spirited public debate it has spawned. Bold and provocative, Plastic Words is social and linguistic criticism in the tradition of Jonathan Swift and George Orwell."

    The feature that makes this vocabulary book distinctive is the way words are divided into themes, grouped together so that the foreign traveler or language student can find words related by subject. The subject themes include business terms, medical terms, household terms, scientific words and phrases, units of measurement, clothing, food and dining, transportation, art and culture-- 24 separate themes in all. The new second edition has been expanded and updated with increased vocabulary.

    With its emphasis on clear and concise explanation, it provides a handy and authoritative reference guide for learners at home or in the classroom. Well respected and recommended by language tutors, the BBC Grammar range is suitable for adult learners from beginner level to GCSE and beyond.This new edition has been revised and updated to include the euro.

    There are sections on:        •  Night Life: “Are there any gay bars around here?”      •  Shopping: “Those shoes! I must have those shoes!”      •  Opening Lines: “I am a flight attendant/choreographer/actor/owner of a greeting card store.”      •  Dining Out: “You’ve had worse things in your mouth!”      •  Parting Glances: “I never meant to hurt you.”   With How to Say “Fabulous!” in 8 Different Languages, you’ll always know how to speak the native tongue!

    It focuses on the effects of historical changes on the modern structure of Italian, revealing patterns and structures which are not always apparent to those who are only familiar with modern Italian. Although the book concentrates on the internal history of the language, the emergence of Italian is considered against the wider background of the history of the Italian dialects, and other external factors such as cultural and social influences are also examined. Surveys of current research are included, covering a wide range of phenomena recently brought to light or re-evaluated. This book includes discussion of some areas relatively neglected by earlier histories of the language, such as the development of Italian outside Italy. Particular attention is paid to the influence of other Romance dialects, the linguistic effects of Italian becoming a literary rather than a spoken language, and structural variations which have resulted from the acquisition of the language by a predominantly dialect-speaking population. Containing clearly presented examples, the book is designed to be accessible to those with no knowledge of Italian itself. It will therefore appeal to students of general linguistics, history linguistics, and Romance linguistics, as well as those studying Italian. It is the only major 'internal' history of Italian currently available in English.

    

    This celebration of verbal ingenuity on impolite subjects includes puns of every sort, spoonerisms, Tom Swifties, and a grand Dirty Dictionary.

    "Side by Side French & English Grammar" is the perfect tool to help beginning and intermediate students of French gain valuable insight into the similarities and differences between English and their new language.

    A particular emphasis is placed upon early family life and the formation of deaf identity. At the same time, the isolation imposed by deafness is highlighted, and the construction of difference analyzed.

    Kari Ellen Gade explores the structural peculiarities of ninth- and tenth-century drottkvett poetry and suggests a solution to the mystery of the origins of the drottkvett and its eventual demise in the fourteenth century.

    This invaluable interpretive tool, first published in 1937, is now available for the first time in a paperback edition specially aimed at students of Chinese Buddhism.

    Here, Farnell reveals how PST is still an integral component of the stroytelling tradition in contemporary Assiniboine (Nakota) culture.

    It features a new chapter on argument and a new concise guide to editing sentences.

    Based on the premise that pictures can more clearly convey certain kinds of information, these dictionaries present a list of vocabulary relating to a subject together with a picture illustrating that subject. Each double-page spread links the words by number to the picture situation drawn from every day life, while a multitude of sections cover a broad range of subjects in the fields of science, medicine, technology, industry, commerce, and arts and leisure, including astronomy, automobiles, swimming, supermarkets, nuclear energy, nightclubs, and much more. Both English and Italian words appear on the same page for easy use. The dictionaries also provide fully alphabetized indices in both languages which refer students not only to the various subjects and contexts in which a word is used, but also to the correct translation and vocabulary of the entire subject. This new addition to the successful Oxford-Duden Pictorial range is completely up-to-date and includes the most recent innovations in science and technology and the newest developments in the language relating to all major fields of reference. It is an essential reference for all students of Italian and will serve as an invaluable supplement to other foreign language texts and guides.

    

    The emphasis throughout is on the colloquial, spoken Welsh used by modern-day native speakers.Combining detailed grammar explanations with a range of exercise work, features of the text include:* around forty grammar points plus exercises* grammar explained in clear language* answer key and full Welsh-English, English-Welsh glossary* a wide range of challenging exercises.

    Each chapter starts with practice dialogues and concludes with written exercises. Navajo-English and English-Navajo glossaries are available in the back of the textbook. Perfect for teaching yourself Navajo!

    Refuting apolitical, essentialist perspectives on language and gender, the essays presented here examine a range of cultures, languages and settings. They explicitly connect feminist theory to language research.Some of the most distinguished scholars working in the field of language and gender today discuss such topics as Japanese women's appropriation of men's language, the literary representation of lesbian discourse, the silencing of women on the Internet, cultural mediation and Spanish use at New Mexican weddings and the uses of silence in the Anita Hill-Clarence Thomas hearings.

    “In one’s element” ... “nail down” ... “off base” and most other American idioms are composed of simple words that somehow take on brand-new meanings when they are combined. Here’s a handy reference guide to them all for ESL students, foreign travelers in North America, and anybody with an interest in language usage. Expressions are listed alphabetically, identified according to their part of speech, and categorized as formal, informal, slang, or literary. Each expression is defined and supplemented with an illustrative sentence.

    But with a difference--when the early Romans went visiting, those wacky Greek gods were still holed up on Mount Olympus. Today they've come down, and they're driving taxis, tending bar, dancing and yelling and throwing plates around restaurants. All of which spells adventure for the unsuspecting tourist, and wonderful opportunity for Howard Tomb.From the sneakily successful series of travel books with over 1 million copies in print, Wicked Greek is the phrasebook that takes the chaos out of the land that invented it. Here are pithy comments on retsina: "My wine tastes like a handful of pine needles." Tips on consulting the Oracle of the Ferry Schedules, including the Mystery of the Next Departure to Patmos. More than you ever dreamed possible about olives-including black, green, purple, briny, cracked, and this-makes-the-retsina-taste-good. Trojan War stories. Zeno's Paradox, Aristotle's Boo-Boo, Plato's Cave, and other philosophical conundrums that put us in the fix we're in today. Motorbike survival tips. Ella, word of a thousand meanings. And how to pursue romance with the natives.

    It is designed exclusively to meet the specific needs of the native English speaker, offering the clearest and most comprehensive guidance possible in the correct use of the French language. With 110,000 words and phrases, over 200,000 translations, and thousands of sentences taken from real speech and written sources, this thorough reference includes special detailed treatment of important vocabulary items and complex grammatical areas, and provides unique boxed usage notes within the text dealing with key areas, such as numbers, age, time, countries, and more. The English-French side of the Dictionary guides the reader to the correct translation and grammatical construction of the foreign language, while the French-English side is designed to ensure the English speaker selects the right translation for a particular context. Based on the highly-acclaimed Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary, which made groundbreaking use of electronic text collections of English and French, the Compact provides authentic examples of the way French is written and spoken today.

    This one-of-a-kind guide to running literature circles, based on Lois Lowry's The Giver, shows teachers how to organize students into discussion groups that work As kids dive into lively discussions, they learn to identify themes, analyze vocabulary, recognize the author's craft, and respond thoughtfully to the text.