Best of
Psychology

1972

The Social Animal


Elliot Aronson - 1972
    Through vivid narrative, lively presentations of important research, and intriguing examples, Elliot Aronson probes the patterns and motives of human behavior, covering such diverse topics as terrorism, conformity, obedience, politics, race relations, advertising, war, interpersonal attraction, and the power of religious cults.

Ego and Archetype: Individuation and the Religious Function of the Psyche


Edward F. Edinger - 1972
    Edward Edinger traces the stages in this process and relates them to the search for meaning through encounters with symbolism in religion, myth, dreams, and art. For contemporary men and women, Edinger believes, the encounter with the self is equivalent to the discovery of God. The result of the dialogue between the ego and the archetypal image of God is an experience that dramatically changes the individual's worldview and makes possible a new and more meaningful way of life.Edward F. Edinger, M.D., a founding member of the C.G. Jung Foundation for Analytical Psychology in New York, is the author of many books on Jungian psychology, including The Eternal Drama and Anatomy of the Psyche: Alchemical Symbolism in Psychotherapy.

Love


Leo F. Buscaglia - 1972
    What it is and what it isn't. It is about you--and about everybody who has ever reached out to touch the heart of another.

Life Lessons: Two Experts on Death and Dying Teach Us About the Mysteries of Life and Living


Elisabeth Kübler-Ross - 1972
    The tragedy is not that life is short but that we often see only in hindsight what really matters. In this, her first book on life and living, Elisabeth Kubler-Ross joins with David Kessler to guide us through the practical and spiritual lessons we need to learn so that we can live life to its fullest in every moment. Many years of working with the dying have shown the authors that certain lessons come up over and over again. Some of these lessons are enormously difficult to master, but even the attempts to understand them can be deeply rewarding. Here, in fourteen accessible chapters, from the Lesson of Love to the Lesson of Happiness, the authors reveal the truth about our fears, our hopes, our relationships, and, above all, about the grandness of who we really are.

Steps to an Ecology of Mind: Collected Essays in Anthropology, Psychiatry, Evolution, and Epistemology


Gregory Bateson - 1972
    With a new foreword by his daughter Mary Katherine Bateson, this classic anthology of his major work will continue to delight and inform generations of readers. "This collection amounts to a retrospective exhibition of a working life. . . . Bateson has come to this position during a career that carried him not only into anthropology, for which he was first trained, but into psychiatry, genetics, and communication theory. . . . He . . . examines the nature of the mind, seeing it not as a nebulous something, somehow lodged somewhere in the body of each man, but as a network of interactions relating the individual with his society and his species and with the universe at large."—D. W. Harding, New York Review of Books "[Bateson's] view of the world, of science, of culture, and of man is vast and challenging. His efforts at synthesis are tantalizingly and cryptically suggestive. . . .This is a book we should all read and ponder."—Roger Keesing, American Anthropologist

Boundaries of the Soul: The Practice of Jung's Psychology


June K. Singer - 1972
    Singer "one of the great masters of the art." Now, in a completely revised edition of Boundaries Of The Soul, Dr. Singer incorporates the latest developments in Jungian psychology over the last two decades, particularlv in the areas of masculine/feminine relationships, the use of psychotherapeutic drugs, and the evolution of Jung's concept and personality types and its application both clinically and in the world of business and industry.  In addition, the case histories, so central to understanding many of Jung's concepts, have been re-examined and revised where necessary to correspond to the spirit of today's world. The updated edition of Boundaries Of The Soul should reaffirm the book's long-standing reputation as the best introduction to Jung's thought available.

The Feminine in Fairy Tales


Marie-Louise von Franz - 1972
    Dr. von Franz discusses the archetypes and symbolic themes that appear in fairy tales as well as dreams and fantasies, draws practical advice from the tales, and demonstrates its application in case studies from her analytical practice.

Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia


Gilles Deleuze - 1972
    "An important text in the rethinking of sexuality and sexual politics spurred by the feminist and gay liberation movements".--Margaret Cerullo, Hampshire College.

Myths to Live By


Joseph Campbell - 1972
    Campbell stresses that the borders dividing the Earth have been shattered; that myths and religions have always followed the certain basic archetypes and are no longer exclusive to a single people, region, or religion. He shows how we must recognize their common denominators and allow this knowledge to be of use in fulfilling human potential everywhere.

Violence and the Sacred


René Girard - 1972
    Here Girard explores violence as it is represented and occurs throughout history, literature and myth. Girard's forceful and thought-provoking analyses of Biblical narrative, Greek tragedy and the lynchings and pogroms propagated by contemporary states illustrate his central argument that violence belongs to everyone and is at the heart of the sacred.

Peace from Nervous Suffering


Claire Weekes - 1972
    Written in response to great demand from both the medical and psychological communities, as well as from her own devoted readers, Dr. Weekes’s revolutionary approach to treating nervous tension is sympathetic, medically sound, and quite possibly one of the most successful step-by-step guides to mental health available.

Dynamic Laws of Healing


Catherine Ponder - 1972
    She shows one how to turn on the corrective thoughts in order to change the whole pattern of your life for the better. It is explained that everybody can use these ancient healing laws and there's nothing mysterious about them. In fact, healing constantly takes place in our lives in simple ways that seem miraculous. We all have the healing power, if we only realize it. This is a book that substantially expands one's consciousness. Should be on every healer' bookshelf.Catherine Ponder discloses one useful healing technique after another, making this a manual and reference work as well as fascinating reading for all interested in the vital work of healing.

Teacher and Child: A Book for Parents and Teachers


Haim G. Ginott - 1972
    It's my personal approach that creates the climate. It's my daily mood that makes the weather. As a teacher, I possess a tremendous power to make a child's life miserable or joyous. I can be a tool of torture or an instrument of inspiration. I can humiliate or heal. In all situations, it is my response that decides whether a crisis will be escalated or de-escalated and a child humanized or dehumanized." - Haim G. Ginott

The Natural Mind: A Revolutionary Approach to the Drug Problem


Andrew Weil - 1972
    Andrew Weil’s frst book and the philosophical basis for all of his resulting beliefs and tenets on health, healing, and the mind. Revised and updated for the twenty-first century, The Natural Mind suggests that the desire to alter consciousness periodically is an innate, normal human drive. A landmark in his career, and in America’s approach to the drug problem in general, The Natural Mind is essential reading for anyone interested in Andrew Weil’s philosophy of integrative medicine and optimum health.

New Pathways in Psychology: Maslow & the Post-Freudian Revolution


Colin Wilson - 1972
    Maslow worked together with Wilson to create this excellent study of Maslovian Psychology. New Pathways 1st reviews the history of psychology, providing a much-needed context for understanding the revolutionary nature of the "3rd Force" movement. Wilson then brings Maslow's work to life by focusing on the practical applications of his theories. Highly recommended for advanced students & researchers who wish to understand the complexities of motivation & consciousness.AcknowledgementsIntroductory: Personal Notes on Maslow1 The age of machinery: from Descartes to Mill Towards a psychology of the will: Brentano to James Freud & after2 Maslow, a biographical sketchHigher ceilings for human nature3 Where now?BibliographyIndex

If You Meet the Buddha on the Road, Kill Him: The Pilgrimage Of Psychotherapy Patients


Sheldon B. Kopp - 1972
    Explore the true nature of the therapeutic relationship, and realize that the guru is no Buddha. He is just another human struggling. Understanding the shape of your own personal ills will lead you on your journey to recovery. Sheldon Kopp has a realistic approach to altering one's destiny and accepting the responsibility that grows with freedom.

Power and Innocence: A Search for the Sources of Violence


Rollo May - 1972
    May sees as particularly American in nature. From these basic concepts he suggests a new ethic that sees power as the basis for both human goodness and evil.Dr. May discusses five levels of power's potential in each of us: the infant's power to be; self-affirmation, the ability to survive with self-esteem; self-assertion, which develops when self-affirmation is blocked; aggression, a reaction to thwarted assertion; and, finally, violence, when reason and persuasion are ineffective.

Where the Wasteland Ends: Politics and Transcendence in Postindustrial Society


Theodore Roszak - 1972
    

Child Development


Elizabeth B. Hurlock - 1972
    

Nutrition and Your Mind


George Watson - 1972
    204 pg.

A Reason to Live! A Reason to Die!: A New Look at Faith in God


John Joseph Powell - 1972
    

The Psychology of Consciousness


Robert Ornstein - 1972
    He goes beyond the theory that creative impulses originate in the right side of the brain and rational impulses originate in the left side to show how a synthesis of these two functions can bring about "a more complete science of human consciousness with an extended conception of our own capabilities."

Finding One's Way with Clay: Pinched Pottery and the Color of Clay


Paulus Berensohn - 1972
    Paulus Berensohn begins with the simple resources of clay and water - and the human imagination, which he feels is present in all of us - to show how his own pots evolved from the simple direct pinched bowl. Finding One's Way with Clay is concerned with technique arising out of individual need and personality; this is at once a book about one man's search for artistic and spiritual growth, a craftsman's journal of observation and practice, and a clear, readable, and definitive book on making pots by using the pinch method. There is a wealth of detailed instruction - accompanied by hundreds of clear step-by-step photographs - on making all types of pots: bowls, bottles, sculptural pieces, large pots, symmetrical and asymmetrical vessels, 'yarn' pots, 'body' mugs, and new pots that have not yet been made. Included are a long detailed section on Sawdust Firing - a variation of primitive firing (which can be done in the backyard or at the beach); Exercises for the Imagination, to help break out of a creative rut; 'beloved bowls'; and an especially extensive and important section on the color of clay, in which ways of adding color to wet clay and blending colored clays together are explored. Charts, diagrams, suggestions, and formulas for blending, inlaying, wedging, and appliqueing colored clays together greatly expand the range of the clay and color possibilities open to the potter. Many people have turned to pottery as a way of feeling a satisfying connection with the objects they use; making pots is not only self-expression, it is a kind of necessary 'healing play.,' As M. C. Richards, author of Centering, says in her introduction to this book, 'It is the pots we are forming and it is ourselves as well....Paulus Berensohn knows that our pots are a script of our lives.' And a way of finding one's way with clay."

Depression: Causes and Treatment


Aaron T. Beck - 1972
    It includes a comprehensive review of symptomatology, biology, psychology, theories, and treatment of depression. Based on his own experimental findings, Dr. Beck has synthesized a new approach to depression that provides the rationale for the cognitive therapy of this disorder.

The Psychology of Learning Mathematics: Expanded American Edition


Richard R. Skemp - 1972
     The Psychology of Learning Mathematics, already translated into six languages (including Chinese and Japanese), has been revised for this American Edition to include the author's most recent findings on the formation of mathematical concepts, different kinds of imagery, interpersonal and emotional factors, and a new model of intelligence. The author contends that progress in the areas of learning and teaching mathematics can only be made when such factors as the abstract and hierarchical nature of mathematics, the relation to mathematical symbolism and the distinction between intelligent learning and rote memorization are taken into account and instituted in the classroom.

The Advanced Course in Personal Magnetism


Theron Q. Dumont - 1972
    -from Chapter III, "The Development of Your Magnetic Power" The New Thought movement of the turn of the twentieth century combined Christian spirituality with the paranormal in order to give practical expression to the forces of the universe. Or so its proponents believed. One of the most influential thinkers of this early "New Age" philosophy promises here, in this 1914 book, to share "in a condensed, non-mystical style all I have been able to learn of this wonderful power" of personal magnetism. Mysteries revealed include: .the secrets of being naturally magnetic .the development of your magnetic power .how to use your personality to win the affection of the opposite sex .how to cultivate success .how to protect yourself against injurious thought attraction .how to make yourself a great power in the world .a formula for creating happiness Today's hunger for self-help, personal empowerment, and pop spirituality has its origins in a craving for self-improvement that's a century old, as this captivating little book demonstrates. Also available from Cosimo Classics: The Art and Science of Personal Magnetism: The Secrets of Mental Fascination, by Theron Q. Dumont. American writer WILLIAM WALKER ATKINSON (1862-1932)-aka Theron Q. Dumont-was born in Baltimore and had built up a successful law practice in Pennsylvania before professional burnout led him to the religious New Thought movement. He served as editor of the popular magazine New Thought from 1901 to 1905, and as editor of the journal Advanced Thought from 1916 to 1919.

Depression and the Body: The Biological Basis of Faith and Reality


Alexander Lowen - 1972
    Lowen, is out of touch wit reality- and especially with the reality of his or her own body. This inspiring, pioneering book explores the cultural and psychological forces that contribute to this condition and shows how we can overcome depression.

Pan and the Nightmare


James Hillman - 1972
    G. Jung's famous saying: "The Gods have become our diseases." Chapters on nightmare panic, on masturbation, rape and nympholepsy, on instinct and synchronicity, and on Pan's female loves-echo, Syrinx, Selene, and the Muses-show the goat-God at work and play in the dark drives and creative passions of our lives. Hillman's insights present the archetypal figure in the depths of nature and archetypal psychology as a method of revelation.Pan and the Nightmare (which includes a full translation of Wilhelm Roscher's masterful 19th-century mythological-pathological treatise on Pan and the demons of the night) is the most radical study of this God ever undertaken.

The Fire of Love and the Mending of Life


Richard Rolle - 1972
    In The Mending of Life, Rolle tells the story of his life and his miracles, from the pain of his conversion as a young man to his settling after a period of wandering with the Cistercian nuns in the tiny hamlet of Hampole, near Doncaster in England. In The Fire of Love, Rolle extols an exquisite love of God through poetry and prose, discussing the importance of the love of God in a life of faith, and also relates his disagreements with the Church of his time. Those interested in the medieval literature, the history of mysticism, and in unique perspectives on the faith should take a look at these important works by the writer generally considered the father of English mysticism.

Intuition


R. Buckminster Fuller - 1972
    

Three Popes and the Cardinal: The Church of Pius, John, and Paul in Its Encounter with Human History


Malachi Martin - 1972
    

Abstracts of the Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works


Carrie Lee Rothgeb - 1972
    It consists of 176 double-column pages, featuring chapter-by-chapter, paper-by-paper, even letter-by-letter synopses of the 23-volume "Standard Edition of Freud". It has been distilled under the joint auspices of the National Clearinghouse for Mental Health Information & the American Psychoanalytic Association. The work aims to make Freud's writings doubly accessible to systematic scholarship by inclusion of 47 double-column pages of subject index. Holt's introductory essay will be useful to both beginning & advanced students.

Emotion in the Human Face: Guide-Lines for Research and an Integration of Findings


Paul Ekman - 1972
    It presented a detailed, critical discussion of research involving the face and emotion, focusing on the complex conceptual and methodological issues involved, and settling many past controversies, such as whether the face provides accurate information about emotion, and whether some facial expressions are universal. In the second edition, published in 1982, Ekman expanded, reorganized, annotated, and cross-referenced the contents of the first edition, bringing the review of basic research up to date and charting the new developments in the field. This third edition includes a new Preface, three additional chapters, and a new conclusion summarizing Ekman's final views on the field that he played a large part in creating.

Promises, Promises


Adam Phillips - 1972
    It confirms Adam Phillips as a virtuoso performer able to reach far beyond the borders of psychoanalytic discourse into art, drama, poetry and history. This collection gives us insights into anorexia and cloning, the work of Tom Stoppard and A.E. Housman, the effect of the Blitz on Londoners, Nijinsky's diary and Martin Amis's Night Train, and provides a case history of clutter. In a final essay, the author turns to the question - why sign up for analysis when you could read a book?Promoting everywhere a refreshing version of a psychoanalysis that is more committed to happiness and inspiration than to self-knowledge or some absolute truth, Promises, Promises reaffirms Adam Phillips as a writer whose work, in the words of one reviewer, 'hovers in a strange and haunting borderland between rigour and delight.'

In common cause


Adele Faber - 1972
    Parents themselves, they were determined to figure out how to help their children get along. The result was Siblings Without Rivalry. This wise, groundbreaking book gives parents the practical tools they need to cope with conflict, encourage cooperation, reduce competition, and make it possible for children to experience the joys of their special relationship. With humor and understanding much gained from raising their own children Faber and Mazlish explain how and when to intervene in fights, provide suggestions on how to help children channel their hostility into creative outlets, and demonstrate how to treat children unequally and still be fair. Updated to incorporate fresh thoughts after years of conducting workshops for parents and professionals, this edition also includes a new afterword.

Tomorrow's Child: Imagination, Creativity, and the Rebirth of Culture


Rubem Alves - 1972
    Thus many of the proposals offered by today's futurologists fall considerably short of social revolution. They are, in effect, extrapolations from the functional matrix of our society. Like the dinosaurs who --disappeared not because they were too weak but because they were too strong, -- our civilization is motivated less by the desire for internal growth and existential relevance than it is by blind outward expansion. We are determined by a triangle of interlocking systems, each deriving and giving life to the others: the power of the sword, the power of money, and the power of science. In this context, to be a realist is to accept the rules of the game, laid down by the power lords of our --rational-- society, whose goals are war, production, and consumption. But the utopian mentality, argues Alves, wants to create a qualitatively new order in which economy must abandon the goal of infinite growth. The only way out, then, is to abort --realism-- from the body politic and impregnate it with the power of the imagination. This book clears away the debris of realism and lays the groundwork for a constructive theory of creative imagination, moving us toward new forms of social organization where the community of faith can be found. --My late mentor Ladon Sheats, about whom Alvez writes in his new Foreword, said that Tomorrow's Child best expressed his own theology; this book thus helped fuel not only imagination, but embodied Christian activism, and can do so again.-- Ched Myers Rubem Alves was educated at the Campinas Presbyterian Seminary in Brazil (Union Theological Seminary New York), and Princeton Theological Seminary. A Presbyterian minister and professor at the University of Campinas in Brazil, Alves is the author of What is Religion? and Theology of Human Hope.

The Center of the Cyclone: Looking into Inner Space


John C. Lilly - 1972
    John C. Lilly takes readers behind the scenes into the inner life of a scientist exploring inner space, or “far-out spaces,” as Lilly called them. The book explains how he derived his theory of the operations of the human mind and brain from his personal experiences and experiments in solitude, isolation, and confinement; LSD; and other methods of mystical experience. It also includes glimpses into Lilly's friendship with such 1960s' notables as Oscar Ichazo, Ram Dass, Timothy Leary, Albert Hofmann, Fritz Perls, and Claudio Narajo. Written for the non-specialist, Center of the Cyclone shows an important, modern thinker at his most personal and profound.

Suggestion and Auto-Suggestion


William Walker Atkinson - 1972
    Atkinson, Suggestion and Auto-Suggestion is written, in his usual style, like an essay on suggestion. In other words, he discusses the definition of suggestion, the different forms it takes (such as authority, habit, imitation, character, and so on), the influence of suggestion, and how suggestion can be healthy and therapeutic, plus build character. As always, Atkinson is descriptive and holds the readers attention with anecdotes and examples. American writer WILLIAM WALKER ATKINSON (1862-1932) was editor of the popular magazine New Thought from 1901 to 1905, and editor of the journal Advanced Thought from 1916 to 1919. He authored dozens of New Thought books under numerous pseudonyms, including "Yogi," some of which are likely still unknown today."

Test Your Logic


George J. Summers - 1972
    If Adrian orders ham, Buford orders pork. Either Adrian or Carter orders ham, but not both. Buford and Carter do not both order pork. Who could have ordered ham yesterday, pork today?It is a rare event when a book of truly new logical puzzles is primed, but George Summers has now twice produced such an event. In New Puzzles in Logical Deduction he created 50 truly new puzzles. With new turns of thought, new subtleties of inference, he has here created 50 more! Even if you have not seen the basic situations before, you have never before had a chance to test your logic against the precision of scope of these.The puzzles range in difficulty from the relatively simple examples at the beginning of the book to others, tricky, complex, and subtle enough to test the expert. Most are set in story form. Some are concerned with establishing identities from minimal clues. Others are based on cryptarithmetic, or the identification of numbers. While an occasional problem involves algebra, no special knowledge is required for most, no mathematics beyond high school, no training in traditional or symbolic logic. All that one need to them is the ability to think clearly and consecutively, and to pursue the puzzles in the most downright logical way.Among the strongest features of Summers' book is the solutions section, which takes the reader through every step and every implication of the solutions. After seeing one solution, you cannot help but test your logic against the next puzzle in the book. There are even hints printed at the bottom of the page to stall somewhat the irresistible urge to turn to the answers. To our knowledge this material is unique.

The Biological Basis Of Religion And Genius


Gopi Krishna - 1972
    

Speaking In Tongues: A Cross Cultural Study Of Glossolalia


Felicitas D. Goodman - 1972
    Dismissed as meaningless gibberish by some observers, it has been the subject of only a few fragmentary studies. The work of Felicitas D. Goodman represents the first cross-cultural analysis of this enigmatic behavior, and she brings to her research an extensive background in linguistics and anthropology. Dr. Goodman's fieldwork included living with apostolic congregations in Mexico City, in the Yucatan with Maya Indians, and visits with a congregation in Hammond, Indiana. Her observations were preserved on a remarkable collection of sound recordings and films. For this book she presents a selection of conversion stories that highlights the personality structure and experiences of the speakers. A detailed analysis of the phonological and suprasegmental features of the recorded utterances show a surprising cross-cultural agreement. This led Goodman to believe that glossolalists speak the way they do because their speech behavior is modified in a particular mental state, often termed trance, into which they place themselves. In this light the glossolalia utterance is seen as an artifact of a hyperaroused mental state, or, in Chomskyan terms, as the surface structure of a nonlinguistic deep structure, that of the altered state of consciousness. Goodman describes the hyperaroused mental state as a neurophysiological phenomenon, as well as the associated patterns of movement, and the problems of waking from it. Goodman's diachronic approach yielded equally surprising data about the changes and the waning of the behavior over time. But, as she observes, ""we have barely touched the edge of a very large area of inquiry."" Her fascinating study opens a number of new avenues of research for anthropologists, such as the study of physiological states accompanying linguistic and ritual behavior. Felicitas D. Goodman (1914-2005), an internationally accredited translator and interpreter, was Associate Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Denison University in Granville, Ohio. She also authored a number of papers on glossolalia. A religious anthropoligist, she wrote numerous books including How About Demons?; Where the Spirits Ride the Wind; and Ecstasy, Ritual, and Alternate Reality.

Child and Reality: Problems of Genetic Psychology


Jean Piaget - 1972
    

Genetics And Education


Arthur R. Jensen - 1972
    Education, Sociology

Patterns of Creativity Mirrored in Creation Myths


Marie-Louise von Franz - 1972
    Paperback: 250 pages Publisher: Spring Pubns (September 1972) Language: English

Group Process and Productivity


Ivan Dale Steiner - 1972
    

Treatment of the Borderline Adolescent: A Developmental Approach


James F. Masterson - 1972
    Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The Primal Revolution


Arthur Janov - 1972
    A near fine copy in a very good dust jacket. Dust spotting to the edges of the book's upper page block. The dust jacket has rubs to its corners and rubs and small frays to the head and heel of its spine. The inside front panel is creased along its right edge.

Altered States of Awareness: Readings from Scientific American


Timothy J. Teyler - 1972
    Preface-TeylerBrain & Awareness Introduction-Teyler The Electrical Activity of the Brain-Walter The Analysis of Brain Waves-Brazier The Reticular Formation-French The Physiology of Imagination-EcclesAltered States of Awareness Internal Control Introduction-Teyler Patterns of Dreaming-Kleitman The States of Sleep-Jouvet The Pathology of Boredom-Heron On Telling Left from Right-Corballis & Beale Learning in the Autonomic Nervous System-DicarlaAltered States of Awareness External Control Introduction-Teyler Marihuana-Grinspoon The Hallucinogenic Drugs-Barron, Jarvik, Bunnell Experiments with Goggles-Kohler The Split Brain in Man-Gazzaniga The Physiology of Meditation-Wallace & BensonBibliographyIndex

Epistemology and Psychology of Functions


Jean Piaget - 1972
    By contrast, certain recent studies on 'constitutive functions', or preoperatory functional schemes, have convinced us of the existence of a sort of logic of functions (springing from the schemes of actions) which is prior to the logic of operations (drawn from the general and reversible coordinations between actions). This preoperatory 'logic' accounts for the very general, and until now unexplained, primacy of order relations between 4 and 7 years of age, which is natural since functions are ordered dependences and result from oriented 'applications'. And while this 'logic' ends up in a positive manner in formalizable structures, it has gaps or limitations. Psychologically, we are interested in understanding the system atic errors due to this primacy of order, such .as the undifferentiation of 'longer' and 'farther', or the non-conservations caused by ordinal estimations (of levels, etc. ), as opposed to extensive or metric evaluations. In a sense which is psychologically very real, this preoperatory logic of constitutive functions represents only the first half of operatory logic, if this can be said, and it is reversibility which allows the construction of the other half by completing the initial one-way structures."