To his surprise the bone, which had not yet been ground into powder, contained a number of carved inscriptions. Thus began the discovery of the 3000 year old sources of the written characters still in use in China today.In this unparalleled and beautiful book, Cecilia Lindqvist tells the fascinating story of these origins, and shows how their shapes and concepts permeate Chinese thought, architecture, art and culture. Illustrations in two-colour throughout, and a four-colour insert, make vivid each stage of the story, and the beauty of the characters themselves.

    It provides a comprehensive, accessible, and jargon-free guide to the forms and structures of Spanish as it is currently spoken and written in Spain and Latin America. Extensive examples are used to illustrate grammatical points, many from contemporary sources in both Spain and the Americas that highlight, where appropriate, differences in regional usage. Levels of usage (formal, colloquial, familiar, and popular) are specified, so that the importance of context in the use of language is recognized. This new edition has been updated throughout; it is the first grammar in English that incorporates the findings of the exhaustive new descriptive grammar of the Royal Spanish Academy (Gramatica descriptive de la lengua espanola, 5300pp). The 4th edition is also more accessible to students; complex explanations have been simplified and clarified, and a glossary of grammatical terms has been added to aid students.

    An archaeological and linguistic monograph on the origins and expansion of the Indo-European

    There is also a complete Language Information section, plus numerous color photographs illustrating life in the Roman world. The Course has now been fully revised and updated in the light of feedback from user schools, and includes the very best in new research. The Fourth Edition continues to offer teachers and students alike a stimulating, reading-based approach to the study of Latin.

    Compiled by a decorated ex-Royal Marine surgeon, it contains often-hilarious examples of common usage, useful cross-references, and comic illustrations by Tugg, the popular cartoonist from the service newspaper Navy News. Jackspeak is essential for anyone with an interest in the Royal Navy--or who just enjoys fun wordplay!

    The only value dictionary based on Random House's authoritative second edition, which Newsweek called "The best American unabridged dictionary". An affordable and indispensable reference book for home, school and office.

    Detailed suggestions for strategy use in each of the four language skills are included as well as case studies and models for setting up similar programs.

    It will be of practical relevance to all those wanting to understand how the ways we communicate both influence and are influenced by the structures and forces of contemporary social institutions.Language and Power was first published in 1989 and quickly established itself as a ground-breaking book. Its popularity continues as an accessible introductory text to the field of Discourse Analysis, focusing on:how language functions in maintaining and changing power relations in modern society the ways of analysing language which can reveal these processes how people can become more conscious of them, and more able to resist and change themThe question of language and power is still important and urgent in the twenty-first century, but there have been substantial changes in social life during the past decade which have somewhat changed the nature of unequal power relations, and therefore the agenda for the critical study of language. In this new edition, Norman Fairclough brings the discussion fully up-to-date and covers the issue of 'globalisation' of power relations and the development of the internet in relation to Language and Power. The bibliography has also been fully updated to include important new reference material.

    This self-teaching guide presents Sanskrit pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary in simple and systematic steps, allowing students to easily master the fundamentals of this enchanting language. The text gently leads the beginner through small steps with clear, concise explanations. Each lesson includes instruction in alphabet, grammar, and vocabulary, with easy practice exercises at the end. Also included is a reading from the Bhagavad-Gita and Sanskrit quotations from the R.K. Samhita, Upanisads, Yoga Sutras, Brahma Sutra, and Manu Smrti.

    But there is much, much more in this work. Paul Grice himself has carefully arranged and framed the sequence of essays to emphasize not a certain set of ideas but a habit of mind, a style of philosophizing.Grice has, to be sure, provided philosophy with crucial ideas. His account of speaker-meaning is the standard that others use to define their own minor divergences or future elaborations. His discussion of conversational implicatures has given philosophers an important tool for the investigation of all sorts of problems; it has also laid the foundation for a great deal of work by other philosophers and linguists about presupposition. His metaphysical defense of absolute values is starting to be considered the beginning of a new phase in philosophy. This is a vital book for all who are interested in Anglo-American philosophy.

    This volume will teach you how to use signing in English sentence format. Signing Made Easy offers the most thorough, step-by-step approach to learning sign language, complete with drills and practice exercises to increase signing ability and understanding.Presented in a large-format, easy-to-follow design, this book includes: - More than 3,500 different signs, with clear illustrations and descriptions- Instructions on how to sign in complete sentences- Exercises for learning how to give and receive signs- Drills to reinforce vocabulary retention- Chapters organized by subject -- from Work and Careers to Family and Social Life to Food --that build progressively on previous lessons- The complete manual alphabet- Spelling exercises throughout- Instructions for forming numbers and inflections- A complete index for easy reference

    A Dictionary of Stylistics draws material from stylistics and a range of related disciplines such as sociolinguistics, cognitive linguistics and traditional rhetoric, the fully revised Dictionary of Stylistics provides a valuable reference work for students and teachers of stylistics, as well as critical discourse analysis and literary criticism.

    Line drawings.

    Based on the premise that pictures can more clearly convey certain kinds of information, these dictionaries present a list of vocabulary relating to a subject together with a picture illustrating that subject. Each double-page spread links the words by number to the picture situation drawn from everyday life; 384 sections cover a broad range of subjects in the fields of science, medicine, technology, industry, commerce, and arts and leisure, including astronomy, automobiles, swimming, supermarkets, nuclear energy, nightclubs, and much more. Both English and foreign words appear on the same page for easy use. The dictionaries also provide fully alphabetized indices in both languages which refer the reader not only to the various subjects and contexts in which a word is used, but also to the correct translation and vocabulary of the entire subject. An essential reference for general readers, students, translators, travelers, and business people, The Oxford-Duden Pictorial Dictionaries serves as an invaluable supplement to other foreign language guides. The new editions featured below have been completely updated and revised to include the most recent innovations in science and technology and to offer increased coverage of all major fields of reference.

    poetry from Alaskan Native writer

    Designed expressly for the widest possible variety of interests and professions—for students, teachers, travelers, and home and office libraries—this dictionary is derived from the eight-volume Dictionary and Thesaurus of the Hebrew Language by Eliezer Ben-Yehuda. In this dictionary you will find over 30,000 vocabulary entries, alphabetically arranged, a thorough and accessible explanation of grammar, including tables of irregular verbs, keys to proper pronunciation, abbreviations, up-to-date technical terms, examples of idiomatic usage, tables of numerals, weights, measures and currency, and much more.

    Until now unavailable or existing only in fragmentary form, the lectures represent a major portion of Nietzsche's achievement. Included are an extensive editors' introduction on the background of Nietzsche's understanding of rhetoric, and critical notes identifying his sources and independent contributions.

    Drawing on studies from preschool and elementary school through the university seminar, and on their own successful experience with thousands of students over two decades, this text integrates all recent work in the Vygotskian tradition with basic concepts in American and British behaviorism, cognitive science, anthropology, and sociolinguistics. Distinguished by a literate style and an extraordinarily rich content, it is appropriate for courses in educational psychology, curriculum and instruction, educational foundations, educational administration, special education, multicultural education, and any course that treats learning and cognitive development in social context.

    Olender plunges into the scientific roots of modern racial myths with verve, wit, and remarkable erudition, producing both a dense, powerful monograph in the history of philology and a fascinating essay on the roots of twentieth-century errors and horrors."–Anthony Grafton, Princeton University "The Languages of Paradise is heavenly to read. What languages did the first humans speak? Maurice Olender traces the answers of major scholars to that question from the eighteenth to the twentieth century, showing how rival claims for Hebrew and Sanskrit connect with fundamental ideas about race and culture. Rarely have the intricacies of comparative philology been made so accessible to the common reader as in Maurice Olender's fluid prose, given sparkling translation by Arthur Goldhammer."–Natalie Zemon Davis, Princeton University

    I will put this letter in a/an ridiculous bottle and swim it into space and hope that it gets to Earth.Sounds like someone has been playing Mad Libs from Outer Space! Play them with friends or enjoy them by yourself!

    We've merely been taught to talk as if it had: as though weather maps were more 'real' than the breath of autumn; as though, for that matter, Reason was really 'cool.' What we're saying whenever we say is a theme this book illumines for anyone attentive." — Hugh Kenner, Johns Hopkins University "In this bold and powerful book, Lakoff and Turner continue their use of metaphor to show how our minds get hold of the world. They have achieved nothing less than a postmodern Understanding Poetry, a new way of reading and teaching that makes poetry again important." — Norman Holland, University of Florida

    Each puzzle corresponds to a chapter in The Joy of Signing and is designed for individual use. Includes answer key.

    

    Ranging from tragedy near the North Pole ('It only harpoons one-eyed aunts with you') to geographical problems from the authors' own past ('Muir in Surrey, Den in Ongar'), these tales review an astounding sweep of contemporary and historical life. For more than two score years the deadpan wit and genial humour of Muir and Norden have delighted several generations of readers, listeners and viewers all over the world. This volume, the first in nine years, once more displays the authors' extraordinary linguistic virtuosity and unfailing talent to amuse. (blurb)

    Each major topic is prefaced by a specially written introduction, as is the volume as a whole, thereby integrating the material and focusing it on minority group concerns. Joshua Fishman's well-known dedication to worldwide cultural democracy and cultural pluralism, not only as moral imperatives but as empirical assets, shines through all of these selections and unifies them philosophically as well as scientifically.

    Halliday leads the reader from the development of speech in infancy, through an account of writing systems, to a comparative treatment of spoken and written language, contrasting the prosodic features and grammatical intricacy of speech with the high lexical density and grammatical metaphor or writing.

    It focuses specifically on the communications skills required of executives and professionals.

    Revision of the author's thesis (doctoral--University of Sheffield).

    In this book, the French linguist and literary critic Pierre Janton describes the history of Esperanto since its invention in nineteenth-century Eastern Europe and offers a comprehensive linguistic description of the language. This book is the best general introduction to Esperanto and its role in the modern world.Rooted in the populism and internationalism of the late nineteenth century, Esperanto owes its origins in part to western European educational currents and in part to the cultural history of eastern European Jewry. It is a fascinating historical and sociological phenomenon as well as a remarkable linguistic system.The book contains a survey of today's movement for the promotion of Esperanto as an international language, and a description of the extensive literature in Esperanto, both original and translated. Janton also provides a survey of the other global language projects, explaining why Esperanto has prevailed.

    It should be particularly useful to students who have progressed beyond their introductory course books and are now reading Latin authors. It concentrates on the 'rules' rather than on the exception to rules which may never be encountered in traditional school authors and tend only to confuse students.After an explanation on each Latin construction, there are graded exercises to practise the translation of that construction. There are also notes and exercises on Latin words and usages which cut across more than one construction, e.g.- Translating ut- Translating quam- The uses of qui- Uses of the Subjunctive- Dative or Ablative?The section on Translation is designed to train students to use the clues as they meet them in a sentence in order to help them predict intelligently (rather than guess) how the sentence is likely to develop.The book also contains grammatical tables, a simplified guide to pronunciation and a vocabulary of the words used in the exercises.

    Horn's masterful study melds a review of scholarship in philosophy, psychology, and linguistics with original research, providing a full picture of negation in natural language and thought; this new edition adds a comprehensive preface and bibliography, surveying research since the book's original publication.

    The text features a communicative language approach, streamlined, "synthetic" grammar presentations, and a strong cultural focus. Student participation is encouraged through short dramatized dialogues and interactive activities. Authentic materials appear in every chapter, bringing present-day Italian culture directly into the classroom. A lively introduction to language and culture, combined with strong emphasis on the four basic skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing, make Italiano In Diretta a solid beginning text with a contemporary flair.

    Substantial progress in understanding memory, the learning process, and self-organization by studying the properties of models of neural networks have resulted in discoveries of important parallels between the properties of statistical, nonlinear cooperative systems in physics and neural networks. The author presents a coherent and clear, nontechnical view of all the basic ideas and results. More technical aspects are restricted to special sections and appendices in each chapter.

    . . Fleischman's book takes the study of medieval literature to new hermeneutic horizons. . . . Furthermore, through the use of sociolinguistics she connects the modern and medieval worlds in a way that will make the medieval world less alien to us, and thus her perspective gives us another means by which we can make medieval literature more relevant to our students. --Studies in the Age of Chaucer In this pathfinding study, Suzanne Fleischman brings together theory and methodology from various quarters to shed important new light on the linguistic structure of narrative, a primary and universal device for translating our experiences into language. Fleischman sees linguistics as laying the foundation for all narratological study, since it offers insight into how narratives are constructed in their most primary context: everyday speech. She uses a linguistic model designed for natural narrative to explicate the organizational structure of artificial narrative texts, primarily from the Middle Ages and the postmodern period, whose seemingly idiosyncratic use of tenses has long perplexed those who study them. Fleischman develops a functional theory of tense and aspect in narrative that accounts for the wide variety of functions--pragmatic as well as grammatical--that these two categories of grammar are called upon to perform in the linguistic economy of a narration.

    The authors adopt a functional approach to language, in which the different registers or functional varieties of a language are explained by reference to the different contexts in which they occur. Their analysis reveals how, on the one hand, each text is unique, while on the other, the way a text is organized and the kinds of coherence it displays are closely related to the place and the value that it has in its social and cultural environment.

    Molinsky and Bill Bliss, is a dynamic, all-skills program that integrates conversation practice, reading, writing, and listening -- all in a light-hearted, fun, and easy-to-use format that has been embraced by students and teachers worldwide. This four-level program promotes native communication between students ... practicing speaking together "side by side." Features of the Third EditionVocabulary Preview sections in every chapter introduce key words in a lively picture dictionary format."How to Say It!" lessons highlight communication strategies.Pronunciation exercises provide models for practicing authentic pronunciation, stress, and intonation.Side by Side Gazette "magazine-style" pages offer feature articles, fact files, vocabulary expansion, cross-cultural topics through photos, authentic listening activities, e-mail exchanges, and humorous cartoons for role-playing.All-new illustrations are lively, light-hearted, and richly detailed to offer students language practice that is contextualized and fun. The core components include Student Books, Teacher's Guides, Activity Workbooks, Activity & Test Prep Workbooks, Communication Games and Activity Masters, audio programs, combined split editions (Student Book and Workbook lessons combined), a testing program, and picture cards.

    It offers special meanings of words used as technical terms within particular philosophical systems and contains the meanings of terms fundamental to epistemology, metaphysics, and practical teaching of heterodox and orthodox schools of Indian philosophy.Cross-referencing is provided and charts are included that offer information regarding relationships, categories, and sourcebooks relevant to individual schools.

    Speaking is unique in its balanced coverage of all major aspects of the production of speech, in the completeness of its treatment of the entire speech process, and in its strategy of exemplifying rather than formalizing theoretical issues.

    It preserves the ethnos of Anglican spirituality and incorporates the best liturgical insights from modern scholarship. Two-color, Maori-inspired illustrations throughout. 3 ribbon markers.

    The general aim of critical linguistics is the exploration of the mechanisms of power which establish inequality, through the systematic analysis of political discourse (written or oral). This reader contains papers on a variety of topics, all related to each other through explicit discussions on the notion of ideology from an interdisciplinary approach with illustrative analyses of texts from the media, newspapers, schoolbooks, pamphlets, talkshows, speeches concerning language policy in Nazi-Germany, in Italofascism, and also policies prevalent nowadays. Among the interesting subjects studied are the jargon of the student movement of 1968, speeches of politicians, racist and sexist discourse, and the language of the green movement. Because of the enormous influence of the media nowadays, the explicit analysis of the mechanisms of "manipulation", "suggestion", and "persuasion" inherent in language or about language behaviour and strategies of discourse are of social relevance and of interest to all scholars of social sciences, to readers in all educational institutions, to analysts of political discourse, and to critical readers at large.

    This dictionary, with nearly five thousand entries on Buddhist terms, personal names, ceremonies, texts, and sects, will be of special interest to scholars and students of literature. Most entries have been drawn from such classics as Shasekishu Kokon chomonju, Hojoki, Makura no soshi, Tsurezure-gusa, Heike monogatari, and Taiheiki.Hisao Inagaki received a PhD from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, and is a professor at Ryukoku University in Kyoto.

    This well-known compilation for intermediate and advanced readers of German serves well as an introduction to the range of German literature and thought from the eighteenth century to the present. The texts in each of the four sections are arranged in chronological sequence. At the same time, the first three parts are graded; selections in Part I presuppose less knowledge of German and offer more explanatory comments than the more complex Part II and III. Helpful features include lists of vocabulary, short introductory passages to each writer and their work, footnotes to facilitate reading comprehension, and a 172-page vocabulary list.

    This textbook attempts to mitigate the problems raised by this heterogeneity in a number of ways. Since it is impossible to treat the language or language family of special interest to every student, the focus of this book is on English in particular and Indo-European languages in general, with Finnish and its closely related languages for contrast. The tenets of different schools of linguistics, and the controversies among them, are treated eclectically and objectively; the examination of language itself plays the leading role in our efforts to ascertain the comparative value of competing theories. This revised edition (1989) of a standard work for comparative linguists offers an added introduction dealing mainly with a semiotic basis of change, a final chapter on aspects of explanation, particularly in historical and human disciplines, and added sections on comparative syntax and on the semiotic status of the comparative method.

    Each of the sixteen lessons in the book contains essential vocabulary - selected for overall frequency - grammar, sample readings, and exercises.

    Never again will Latin students regard the subject as dull or dead after this adventurous odyssey with Daimon.

    The book includes a topical and an alphabetical index.

    This book inspires, clarifies, nurtures and teaches, painlessly. It provides mental tools that are easy -- and dare I say it? -- fun to use to improve your writing and editing.

    The book teaches the essentials of French idioms in 11 lessons. In addition to the lessons, it includes exercises and crossword puzzles. It also features a thesaurus of French idiomatic expressions and a glossary that contains English definitions of all the French words used in the book. Each lesson is broken down into five parts: dialogue; vocabulary; vocabulary practice; grammar; and exercises.