Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

    Conflicts in the Gulf, Yugoslavia and Rwanda in the 1990s have ensured that the lawsof war remain a topic of considerable international relevance.

    Coming toward the end of the period when the discourse of natural law was dominant in European political theory, Vattel’s contribution is cited as a major source of contemporary wisdom on questions of international law in the American Revolution and even by opponents of revolution, such as Cardinal Consalvi, at the Congress of Vienna of 1815. Vattel broadly accepted the early-modern natural law theorists from Grotius onward but placed himself in the tradition of Leibniz and Christian Wolff. This becomes particularly clear in two valuable early essays that have never before been translated and are included in the present volume. On this philosophical basis he established what the proper relationship should be between natural law as it is applied to individuals and natural law as it is applied to states. The significance of The Law of Nations resides in its distillation from natural law of an apt model for international conduct of state affairs that carried conviction in both the Old Regime and the new political order of 1789–1815. The Liberty Fund edition is based on the anonymous English translation of 1797, which includes Vattel’s notes for the second French edition (posthumous, 1773). Emer de Vattel (1714–1767) was a Swiss philosopher and jurist in the service of Saxony. Béla Kapossy is Professeur Suppléant of History at the University of Lausanne. Richard Whatmore is a Reader in Intellectual History at the University of Sussex. Knud Haakonssen is Professor of Intellectual History at the University of Sussex, England.

    

    The achievement of the text is that, rather than attempting to provide a treatise on the organisation of international law, or a systematic digest of decisions made, it finds its basis in an appraisal of the international judicial process as a factor in the development of the law. From this position, ideas of great depth and subtlety are put forward regarding the nature of international justice and its possibilities. This is an important book that will be of value to anyone with an interest in its subject.

    In this book Professor Tierney traces the interplay between ecclesiastical and secular theories of government from the twelfth century to the seventeenth. He shows how ideas revived from the ancient past - Roman law, Aristotelian political philosophy, teachings of Church fathers - interacted with the realities of medieval society to produce distinctively new doctrines of constitutional government in Church and state. The study moves from the Roman and canon lawyers of the twelfth century to various thirteenth-century theories of consent; later sections consider fifteenth-century conciliarism and aspects of seventeenth-century constitutional thought. Fresh approaches are suggested to the work of several figures of central importance in the history of Western political theory. Among the authors considered are Thomas Aquinas, Marsilius of Padua, Jean Gerson, Nicholas of Cues and Althusius, along with many lesser-known authors who contributed significantly to the growth of the Western constitutional tradition.

    From start to finish, Tools & Techniques of Estate Planning guides you through the entire estate planning process with in-depth explanations, point-by-point comparisons, and income tax implications. One of the most popular offerings in the Tools & Techniques Series, this title provides comprehensive coverage of over 40 estate planning tools and techniques including supporting overviews of taxes affecting trusts and estate, as well as numerous estate planning aids.

    P. herbert's incisive look at the absurdities of English Law coupled with his gentle observations on human frailities make for unusual and entertaining reading.

    An indictment of antitrust policy, illustrating that the laws have not been employed against monopolies, but have been used to restrain and restrict the competitive process.

    Great book for trial lawyers.

    In short, certain actions are considered wrong to such a degree that it is considered appropriate to use the sanctions of violence (since law is the social embodiment of violence) to combat, defend against, and punish the transgressors.There are many actions against which it is not considered appropriate to use violence, individual or organized. Mere lying (that is, where contracts to transfer property titles are not broken), treachery, base ingratitude, being nasty to one’s friends or associates, or not showing up for appointments, are generally considered wrong, but few think of using violence to enjoin or combat them. Other sanctions, such as refusing to see the person or have dealings with him, putting him in Coventry, and so on, may be used by individuals or groups, but using the violence of the law to prohibit such actions is considered excessive and inappropriate.If ethics is a normative discipline that identifies and classifies certain sets of actions as good or evil, right or wrong, then tort or criminal law is a subset of ethics identifying certain actions as appropriate for using violence against them. The law says that action X should be illegal, and therefore should be combated by the violence of the law. The law is a set of “ought” or normative propositions.

    

    

    Klement reassesses Clement L. Vallandigham, the passionate critic of Lincoln's policies, and history's judgment of him.