Best of
Urban-Planning

1997

Ladders


Albert Pope - 1997
    While it is clear that the complex fabric of traditional urban form has been replaced by equally complex contemporary urban space, it is less clear what role form continues to play in its present structural configuration. Ladders attempts to identify the contemporary dialectic between urban space and form as the key to engaging the unprecedented qualities of contemporary urban space.

Metropolitics: A Regional Agenda for Community and Stability


Myron W. Orfield - 1997
    Exacerbating this polarization, the federal government has largely abandoned urban policy. Most officials, educators, and citizens have been at a loss to create workable solutions to these complex, widespread trends. And until now, there has been no national discussion to adequately and practically address the future of America's metropolitan regions. Metropolitics is the story of how demographic research and state-of-the-art mapping, together with resourceful and pragmatic politics, built a powerful political alliance between the central cities, declining inner suburbs, and developing suburbs with low tax bases. In an unprecedented accomplishment, groups formerly divided by race and class--poor minority groups and blue-collar suburbanites--together with churches, environmental groups, and parts of the business community, began to act in concert to stabilize their communities. The Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul believed that they were immune from the forces of central city decline, urban sprawl, and regional polarization, but the 1980s hit them hard. The number of poor and minority children in central-city schools doubled from 25 to 50 percent, segregation rapidly increased, distressed urban neighborhoods grew at the fourth fastest rate in the United States, and the murder rate in Minneapolis surpassed that of New York City. These changes tended to accelerate and intensify as they reached middle- and working-class bedroom communities, which were less able to respond and went into transition far more rapidly. On the other side of the region, massive infrastructure investment and exclusive zoning were creating a different type of community. In white-collar suburbs with high tax bases, where only 27 percent of the region's population lived, 61 percent of the region's new jobs were created. As the rest of the region struggled, these communities pulled away physically and financially. In this powerful book, Myron Orfield details a regional agenda and the political struggle that accompanied the creation of the nation's most significant regional government and the enactment of land use, fair housing, and tax-equity reform legislation. He shows the link between television and talk radio sensationalism and bad public policy and, conversely, how a well-delivered message can ensure broad press coverage of even complicated issues. Metropolitics and the experience of the Twin Cities show that no American region is immune from pervasive and difficult problems. Orfield argues that the forces of decline, sprawl, and polarization are too large for individual cities and suburbs to confront alone. The answer lies in a regional agenda that promotes both community and stability. Copublished with the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy

Walter Hood: Urban Diaries


Walter Hood - 1997
    Improvisation is a clear departure from the typical institutional or economically-driven approaches to design in the inner city. It allows sociocultural patterns and everyday activities to shape space. This study explores scenes of life in the community of West Oakland, California. It focuses on activities in and around several Model Cities parks, reveals limitations in their intention and use, and builds on observations of life in the parks to develop theoretical designs inspired by improvisation.

Long Way to Go: Black and White in America


Jonathan Coleman - 1997
    This powerful and profound (Detroit News) seven-year exploration of race in America today has been praised for its compelling storytelling (Seattle Post-Intelligencer) and its superb narrative (Library Journal).

Ideas that Matter: The Worlds of Jane Jacobs


Max Allen - 1997
    In addition to her classic, Death and Life of Great American Cities, Jacobs authored another half dozen influential books on urban planning, economics, and design. She was also a tireless advocate of vibrant city neighborhoods. Ideas that Matter: The Worlds of Jane Jacobs offers students, enthusiasts, and critics unprecedented insights into the work of this seminal thinker.  Originally published in 1997, and continually sought after ever since, this 2011 edition includes a new introduction by distinguished urban scholar Mary Rowe.  The book is a unique combination of Jacobs' own writing (including previously unpublished speeches, letters, and articles), biography, and analysis by other scholars. Arranged by topic, it sheds light both on the development of Jacobs' theories and her life. A chapter on Death and Life of American Cities reveals a debate between the author and her publisher about changing the book's title. A section on Europe includes letters home from Frankfurt, Paris, London, Venice, and other cities that shaped her sensibilities. And a chapter titled "Ideas" offers analysis from ten contributors who examine Jacobs' thoughts on issues from population growth to urban infill, self-employment to the wealth of nations. What results is a captivating scrapbook, offering a distinctive understanding of Jacobs' most important ideas.

Principles of Transportation Economics


Kenneth D. Boyer - 1997
    Boyer's text reflects transportation economics as it is taught and practiced today. Unlike its many predecessors, its arguments do not discuss the practice of economic regulation. Legal issues and concerns of regulatory process are no longer a central part of transportation economics, and this book reflects this shift. The analysis covers the modern developments of subsidy-free pricing and stand-alone costing.

Sports, Jobs, and Taxes: The Economic Impact of Sports Teams and Stadiums


Roger G. Noll - 1997
    Professional sports teams are demanding and receiving fancy new playing facilities that are heavily subsidized by government. In many cases, the rationale given for these subsidies is that attracting or retaining a professional sports franchise—even a minor league baseball team or a major league pre-season training facility--more than pays for itself in increased tax revenues, local economic development, and job creation.But are these claims true? To assess the case for subsidies, this book examines the economic impact of new stadiums and the presence of a sports franchise on the local economy. It first explores such general issues as the appropriate method for measuring economic benefits and costs, the source of the bargaining power of teams in obtaining subsidies from local government, the local politics of attracting and retaining teams, the relationship between sports and local employment, and the importance of stadium design in influencing the economic impact of a facility.The second part of the book contains case studies of major league sports facilities in Baltimore, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Indianapolis, San Francisco, and the Twin Cities, and of minor league stadiums and spring training facilities in baseball. The primary conclusions are: first, sports teams and facilities are not a source of local economic growth and employment; second, the magnitude of the net subsidy exceeds the financial benefit of a new stadium to a team; and, third, the most plausible reasons that cities are willing to subsidize sports teams are the intense popularity of sports among a substantial proportion of voters and businesses and the leverage that teams enjoy from the monopoly position of professional sports leagues.

What the River Reveals: Understanding and Restoring Healthy Watersheds


Valerie Rapp - 1997
    Exploration of Pacific NW's rivers and watersheds explains the state of crisis and healthy solutions.