This is a volume meant for all those who want a masterly, lucid, yet eminently readable introduction to, and overview of, India's early history by one of the master-scholars of Indian history---be it students, tourists, or the interested lay reader.

    Over 500 clinical photographs and diagrams now illustrate the text, whilst new topics have been added to make the book even more comprehensive. A complementary DVD now accompanies the book, with specially-recorded videos demonstrating many of the clinical examination routines as they are described in the main text. The book is written by a team of editors and contributors who are all active clinicians and experts in their specialist fields, including in general practice where much of clinical teaching is now based. It describes the practical skills which every clinician must acquire and develop in order to evolve diagnostic procedures and management strategies and plans.

    Particularly suitable for students of secondary-school level, it is also a handy dictionary for the home and office. It covers all the words you need for everyday use, and has excellent coverage of curriculum vocabulary. For the new edition the definitions are clearer than ever before and there is lots of help with those aspects of the language (such as spelling, pronunciation, and usage) which cause most difficulties.In particular, there are hundreds of new spelling notes to help with tricky words that are commonly misspelled, extra usage notes giving advice on good English, and more help with pronunciations of difficult words. A new open design ensures that this dictionary is even more accessible and easier to use than ever before.

    Published in conjunction with the National Heritage Museum, this extravagantly illustrated volume offers an overview of Freemasonry's origins in seventeenth-century Scotland and England before exploring its evolving role in American history, from the Revolution through the labor and civil rights movements, and into the twenty-first century. American Freemasons explores some of the causes for the rise and fall of membership in the fraternity and why it has attracted men in such large numbers for centuries.American Freemasons is the perfect introduction to understanding a society that, while shrouded in mystery, has played an integral role in the lives and communities of millions of Americans.Copublished with the National Heritage Museum.

    The sciences of learning include cognitive science, educational psychology, computer science, anthropology, sociology, neuroscience, and other fields. The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences, first published in 2006, shows how educators can use the learning sciences to design more effective learning environments - including school classrooms and also informal settings such as science centers or after-school clubs, on-line distance learning, and computer-based tutoring software. The chapters in this handbook each describe exciting new classroom environments, based on the latest science about how children learn. CHLS is a true handbook in that readers can use it to design the schools of the future - schools that will prepare graduates to participate in a global society that is increasingly based on knowledge and innovation.

    

    Using a refreshingly clear and encouraging reader-friendly approach, this book helps students understand how to choose, carry out, interpret and report the results of complex statistical analyses, critically evaluate the design of experiments and proceed to more advanced material. Taking a straightforward conceptual approach, it is specifically designed to foster understanding, demystify difficult concepts and encourage the unsure. Even complex topics are explained clearly, using a pictorial approach with a minimum of formulae and terminology. Examples of tests included throughout are kept simple by using small data sets. In addition, end-of-chapter exercises, new to this edition, allow self-testing. Handy diagnostic tables help students choose the right test for their work and remain a useful refresher tool for postgraduates.

    This well-written volume uses a case-oriented format to address, explain and guide the reader through the varied topics encountered by forensic pathologists. It will benefit not only the experienced forensic pathologist, but also the hospital pathologist who occasionally performs medicolegal autopsies. Doctors in training and those law enforcement officials investigating the broad spectrum of sudden, unexpected and violent deaths that may fall within the jurisdiction of medicolegal death investigators will also find this an invaluable resource. * Large, colorful photographs which beautifully illustrate the concepts outlined in the text.* Sample descriptions of pathological lesions which serve to aid pathologists in reporting their findings to law enforcement agencies, attorneys, and others involved in investigations of sudden death.* 'Do and Don't' sections at the end of each chapter which provide guidance for handling the types of cases examined within preceding sections.

    In Wired for Speech, Clifford Nass and Scott Brave reveal how interactive voice technologies can readily and effectively tap into the automatic responses all speech--whether from human or machine--evokes. Wired for Speech demonstrates that people are voice-activated: we respond to voice technologies as we respond to actual people and behave as we would in any social situation. By leveraging this powerful finding, voice interfaces can truly emerge as the next frontier for efficient, user-friendly technology.Wired for Speech presents new theories and experiments and applies them to critical issues concerning how people interact with technology-based voices. It considers how people respond to a female voice in e-commerce (does stereotyping matter?), how a car's voice can promote safer driving (are happy cars better cars?), whether synthetic voices have personality and emotion (is sounding like a person always good?), whether an automated call center should apologize when it cannot understand a spoken request (To Err is Interface; To Blame, Complex), and much more. Nass and Brave's deep understanding of both social science and design, drawn from ten years of research at Nass's Stanford laboratory, produces results that often challenge conventional wisdom and common design practices. These insights will help designers and marketers build better interfaces, scientists construct better theories, and everyone gain better understandings of the future of the machines that speak with us.

    This book contains concise biographies of over 800 individualsknown from the literary and epigraphic sources for the age ofAlexander.Covers significant figures, ranging from leading commanders inAlexander's army to the nobles and regional leaders of the Persianempire whom he encountered on his epic campaignThe only complete collection of its kind in EnglishGives complete and balanced biographies, extending beyond thedeath of Alexander in 323 BC where relevantContains a full index and a concordance giving the variantnames found in the ancient sources

    The author draws insights from classic and modern feminist theologians, pastoral theologians, and contemporary cultural criticism to offer strategies for educational and liturgical practices in congregations that welcome children and contribute to their flourishing. Mercer outlines a feminist practical theology of childhood exploring five basic theological claims: 1) children as gifts and parenting as a religious practice of stewardship; 2) welcoming those who care for children; 3) children as fully human; 4) children as part of God's purposes; and 5) acknowledging and transforming the sufferings of children. Her compelling argument reframes ministries with children as processes through which the church can become the foundation for children forming identities that resist consumerist culture and instead walk in the ways of Jesus.

     Now Alyce Mahon, the feisty Irish art historian, takes us on an imaginative and engaging tour of erotic art in all its forms, including painting, sculpture, video art, installation, performance art, and photography. Mahon explores eroticism from its most romantic to its most explicit: from Impressionist Paris where the naked body signaled the rise of a new, modern world, to the contemporary scene where artists use eroticism to address the politics of race, gender, and sexual orientation. The book examines some of the key movements and moments in modern art history: from the birth of Realism with Courbet in Paris, to the Surrealist subversion of taboo, to Nazi propaganda's use of the heroic nude, to the soft-porn of Pop art, to the vogue for carnality in contemporary art in Los Angeles, Paris, and London. Indeed, Mahon provides a concise history of art in the twentieth century through the lens of eroticism, offering original insights into works of art that do not sit easily within popular notions of taste and that have provoked controversy and calls for censorship. Her discussion includes the work of such European and American artists as Egon Schiele, Hans Bellmer, Robert Mapplethorpe, Nancy Goldin, Orlan, Franco B, and Annie Sprinkle. With over a hundred illustrations, including sixty-five in full color, here is a strikingly written and stimulating history of eroticism in modern Western art.

    Communities of German speakers, scattered around the globe, have long believed they could recreate their Heimat (homeland) wherever they moved, and that their enclaves could remain truly German. Furthermore, the history of Germany is inextricably tied to Germans outside the homeland who formed new communities that often retained their Germanness. Emigrants, including political, economic, and religious exiles such as Jewish Germans, fostered a nostalgia for home, which, along with longstanding mutual ties of family, trade, and culture, bound them to Germany.The Heimat Abroad is the first book to examine the problem of Germany's long and complex relationship to ethnic Germans outside its national borders. Beyond defining who is German and what makes them so, the book reconceives German identity and history in global terms and challenges the nation state and its borders as the sole basis of German nationalism.Krista O'Donnell is Associate Professor of History, William Paterson University.Nancy Reagin is Professor of History, Pace University.Renete Bridenthal is Emerita Professor of History, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York.

    Concerned with articulating an inclusive sociology that goes beyond looking at a particular group of people from the detached viewpoint of the researcher, this is a method of inquiry for people, incorporating the expert's research and language into everyday experience to examine social relations and institutions. The book begins by examining the foundations of institutional ethnography in women's movements, differentiating it from other related sociologies; the second part offers an ontology of the social; and the third illustrates this ontology through an array of institutional ethnography examples. This will be a foundational text for classes in sociology, ethnography, and women's studies.

    He proposes instead that mental phenomena emerge not merely from brain activity but from an interacting nexus of brain, body, and world. The mind can be seen not as an organ within the body, but as a behavioral field that fluctuates within this brain-body-world nexus. If we reject the dominant form of the mind-brain identity theory--which Rockwell calls Cartesian materialism (distinct from Daniel Dennett's concept of the same name)--and accept this new alternative, then many philosophical and scientific problems can be solved. Other philosophers have flirted with these ideas, including Dewey, Heidegger, Putnam, Millikan, and Dennett. But Rockwell goes further than these tentative speculations and offers a detailed alternative to the dominant philosophical view, applying pragmatist insights to contemporary scientific and philosophical problems.Rockwell shows that neuroscience no longer supports the mind-brain identity theory because the brain cannot be isolated from the rest of the nervous system; moreover, there is evidence that the mind is hormonal as well as neural. These data, and Rockwell's reanalysis of the concept of causality, show why the borders of mental embodiment cannot be neatly drawn at the skull, or even at the skin. Rockwell then demonstrates how his proposed view of the mind can resolve paradoxes engendered by the mind-brain identity theory in such fields as neuroscience, artificial intelligence, epistemology, and philosophy of language. Finally, he argues that understanding the mind as a behavioral field supports the new cognitive science paradigm of dynamic systems theory (DST).

    Despite advances in public health measures to control and prevent typhus outbreaks, German doctors, fueled by their racist ideology and their medieval approach to the disease, used the disease as a form of biological warfare against Jews, Slavs, and gypsies. Jewish hospitals in ghettos were burned--along with patients and staff--if typhus was present. In concentration camps, even suspected typhus cases were killed in the gas chambers or through intracardiac injections. Typhus vaccines were tested on prisoners deliberately infected with typhus. Only a handful of doctors were ever prosecuted for their crimes.Against all odds, Jewish health providers struggled to avoid the worst through innovative steps to save lives. Despite the removal of their equipment, drugs, and other resources, they organized health care and sanitary hygienic measures. Doctors were forced to conceal cases, falsify diagnoses and cause of death in order to save lives. This important study explores the role of the International Red Cross in typhus epidemics during and after World War I and World War II. It details the widespread complicity of foreign companies in the Nazi typhus research. Finally, the author stresses the importance of monitoring and holding accountable the medical profession, researchers, and drug companies that continue to invest in research on biological agents as weapons of war.

    Desnoyers, PhD; Philip C. DiMare, PhD; James Godwin, PhD; Shawndra Holderby, Phd; Kathryn Jasper, MA; David Meier, PhD; Judith-Rae Ross, PhD; and Ryan Wilkinson, BAMore than Notes!CliffsAP? CliffsComplete? CliffsQuickReview? CliffsTestPrep? CliffsStudySolver

    Outspoken Women brings together the many and varied non-fictional writings of British women on sexual attitudes and behaviour, beginning nearly a hundred years prior to the 'second wave' of feminism.Commentators cover a broad range of perspectives and include Darwinists, sexologists, and campaigners against the spread of VD, as well as women writing about their own lives and experiences. Covering all aspects of the debate from marriage, female desire and pleasure, to lesbianism, prostitution, STDs, and sexual ignorance, Lesley A. Hall studies how the works of this era didn't just criticise male-defined mores and the 'dark side' of sex, but how they increasingly promoted the possibility of a brighter view and an informed understanding of the sexual life.Hall's remarkable anthology is an engaging examination of this fascinating subject and it provides students and scholars with an invaluable source of primary material.

    In his own youth a crucial champion of the young Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald, Wilson went on to write three classics of literary and intellectual history ("Axel's Castle," "To the Finland Station," and "Patriotic Gore"), searching reportage, and criticism that has outlasted many of its subjects. Wilson documented his unruly private life--a formative love affair with Edna St. Vincent Millay, a tempestuous marriage to Mary McCarthy, and volatile friendships with Fitzgerald and Vladimir Nabokov, among others--in openly erotic fiction and journals, but Lewis Dabney is the first writer to integrate the life and work. Dabney traces the critic's intellectual development, from son of small-town New Jersey gentry to America's last great renaissance man, a deep commentator on everything from the Russian classics to Native American rituals to the Dead Sea Scrolls. Along the way, Dabney shows why Wilson was and has remained--in his cosmopolitanism and trenchant nonconformity--a model for young writers and intellectuals, as well as the favorite critic of the general reader. "Edmund Wilson" will be recognized as the lasting biography of this brilliant man whose life reflected so much of the cultural, social, and human experience of a turbulent century. Lewis Dabney edited the Edmund Wilson Reader as well as Wilson's last journal, "The Sixties." He is professor of English at the University of Wyoming. A "San Francisco Chronicle "Best Book of the Year From the Jazz Age through the McCarthy era, Edmund Wilson (1895-1972) stood at the center of the American cultural scene. In his own youth a crucial champion of the young Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald, Wilson went on to write three classics of literary and intellectual history ("Axel's Castle," "To the Finland Station," and "Patriotic Gore"), searching reportage, and criticism that has outlasted many of its subjects. Wilson documented his unruly private life--a formative love affair with Edna St. Vincent Millay, a tempestuous marriage to Mary McCarthy, and volatile friendships with Fitzgerald and Vladimir Nabokov, among others--in openly erotic fiction and journals, but Lewis Dabney is the first writer to integrate the life and work. Dabney traces the critic's intellectual development, from son of small-town New Jersey gentry to America's last great renaissance man, a deep commentator on everything from the Russian classics to Native American rituals to the Dead Sea Scrolls. Along the way, Dabney shows why Wilson was and has remained--in his cosmopolitanism and trenchant nonconformity--a model for young writers and intellectuals, as well as the favorite critic of the general reader. "Edmund Wilson" will be recognized as the lasting biography of this brilliant man whose life reflected so much of the cultural, social, and human experience of a turbulent century. "Dabney . . . is diligent . . . All the information one needs about Wilson is here."--Colm Toibin, "The New York Times Book Review" "Dabney . . . is diligent . . . All the information one needs about Wilson is here."--Colm Toibin, "The New York Times Book Review""" "A thoroughgoing, authoritative and consistently engaging look at one of the giants of American letters by an acknowledged expert on his life and writings. Wilson's trenchant literary criticism, his long career, his uproarious domestic life and his manifold friendships are all set down in enthralling detail."--"Los Angeles Times Book Review" "Lewis Dabney's "Edmund Wilson: A Life in Literature" is by far the most comprehensive deep-dish study of both his life and work . . . [It] makes one nostalgic for such a time and such a man."--Allen Barra, "The"" Star-Ledger" (Newark) "Dabney sums up Wilson's college experience deftly and with characteristic elegance . . . [and he] is admirably restrained in his treatment of [the] famous literary union, or disunion, [with novelist Mary McCarthy], out of which a lesser biographer would have plucked much dirty linen. He is careful and, so far as one can tell, fair in his account of the famous fight between the couple a few months into their marriage."--John Banville, "The Irish Times" "Dabney's [new book] is a wonderful, meaty biography of the greatest American critic of the 20th century."--John Banville, "The Guardian" "Edmund Wilson was the most distinguished and influential literary critic of the twentieth century; he was also a fascinating character and fascinated by life. Lewis Dabney does justice to all aspects of Wilson's career in this incisive, measured, and reflective biography."--Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. "Edmund Wilson survives as a critic because of his endless vitalism and fierce love of literature. These are the qualities admirably conveyed in Lewis Dabney's eloquent biography."--Harold Bloom "Briskly written and packed with revealing details about a very complicated man, Lewis Dabney's "Edmund Wilson" is the most satisfying account to date of this accomplished critic, literary journalist, and cultural historian. Lurid episodes in Wilson's personal life blend with Dabney's incisive commentary on the diverse books and articles Wilson steadily turned out for more than fifty years. This is a solid, serious, and entertaining book."--Daniel Aaron, author of "Writers on the Left" "Dabney follows Wilson's brilliant trajectory from protected youth to Jazz Age high-liver and liver-damaged 'literary alcoholic, ' from sexual naif to the chronicler of suburban sexual high-jinks in "Memoirs of Hecate County," from somewhat snooty highbrow to much more worldly highbrow. For all the life changes--and all the adventures and misadventures in the company of Edna Millay, Mary McCarthy, the Algonquian Circle, Vladimir Nabokov, and such--Wilson remained consistent to at least a few principles and pleasures, confessing, for instance, 'that he was never happier than when telling people about a work they were unfamiliar with in a language they didn't know.' That he did so in the pages of "The New Yorker," "The New Republic," and "Vanity Fair" ought to make his admirers--and Wilson still has many, having, as Dabney observes, passed the ten-year test for longevity long ago--yearn for better, more lettered days. A solid, much-needed work of literary biography."--"Kirkus Reviews""" "Dabney, who edited "The Sixties "(1993), the final volume of Wilson's published journals, presents a meticulous biography that is lapidary and illuminating in its proficient explications of Wilson's volatile personal relationships and benchmark writings." Donna Seaman, "Booklist "(starred review) "This thorough biography gives the definitive treatment to the life and work of one of the early 20th century's most highly revered men of letters . . . A complex account . . . Comprehensive, well-researched."--"Library Journal" (starred review) "Dabney meticulously unfolds the circumstances behind the writing of his most significant books while tracing the evolution of Wilson's thought . . . Readers seeking an introduction to Wilson will find their perseverance through this hefty tome rewarded with a rich context for approaching his writings."--"Publishers Weekly"

    Literature Guides Created by Harvard students for students everywhere, SparkNotes is a new breed of study guide: smarter, better, faster.   Geared to what today's students need to know, SparkNotes provides:   *Chapter-by-chapter analysis*Explanations of key themes, motifs, and symbols*A review quiz and essay topics Lively and accessible, these guides are perfect for late-night studying and writing papers

    In this level 3 confident reader children will have fun continuing to build important reading skills as they learn about these fascinating animal homes! Level 3, Confident Readers features: - Minimal repetition - Challenging vocabulary with unfamiliar words - Varied and complex sentences - Vibrant, full-color photography - Vocabulary list highlighting key words from the story - Comprehension questions that reinforce important reading concepts Take a heaping measure of fascinating information about the arts. Add a dose of laughter and creativity. What do you get? Best-selling author John Lithgow's Lithgow Palooza Readers! The popular Lithgow Palooza Readers feature three levels of reading fun for children grades K to 3, carefully designed to match the abilities of developing readers. Research has proven that children benefit academically from participation in the arts. Children will build and strengthen important reading skills as they learn about such things as instruments, animals, music, and sounds. Collect all

    The system begins with a Learning Styles Inventory and then presents targeted learning strategies to guide students to success. Tom speaks to readers in everyday language and walks them through the concepts, explaining not only how to do the math, but also where the concepts come from and why they work. KEY TOPICS: Whole Numbers; Integers; Expressions and Polynomials; Equations; Fractions and Rational Expressions; Decimals; Ratios, Proportions, and Measurement; Percents; More with Geometry and Graphs MARKET: For all readers interested in prealgebra.

    Yet until now no single text has attempted to bring the available material together to reveal the unfolding geography of the city, from its days as a mining camp to its present position as premier metropolis of the African continent. This book draws together a wide range of material to fill this niche.

    In Fever of War, Carol R. Byerly uncovers the startling impact of the 1918 influenza epidemic on the American army, its medical officers, and their profession, a story which has long been silenced. Through medical officers' memoirs and diaries, official reports, scientific articles, and other original sources, Byerly tells a grave tale about the limits of modern medicine and warfare.The tragedy begins with overly confident medical officers who, armed with new knowledge and technologies of modern medicine, had an inflated sense of their ability to control disease. The conditions of trench warfare on the Western Front soon outflanked medical knowledge by creating an environment where the influenza virus could mutate to a lethal strain. This new flu virus soon left medical officers' confidence in tatters as thousands of soldiers and trainees died under their care. They also were unable to convince the War Department to reduce the crowding of troops aboard ships and in barracks which were providing ideal environments for the epidemic to thrive. After the war, and given their helplessness to control influenza, many medical officers and military leaders began to downplay the epidemic as a significant event for the U. S. army, in effect erasing this dramatic story from the American historical memory.

    Add a dose of laughter and creativity. What do you get? Best-selling author John Lithgow’s Lithgow Palooza ReadersThe popular Lithgow Palooza Readers feature three levels of reading fun for children grades K to 3, carefully designed to match the abilities of developing readers. Research has proven that children benefit academically from participation in the arts. Children will build and strengthen important reading skills as they learn about such things as instruments, animals, music, and sounds.Collect all 18 titles for your developi

    In this level 2 emerging reader children will have fun beginning to build important reading skills as they learn about these fascinating animals! Level 2, Emerging Readers feature: - Repetitive language - Familiar and unfamiliar language - Longer sentences - Vibrant, full-color photography - Vocabulary list highlighting key words from the story - Comprehension questions that reinforce important reading concepts Take a heaping measure of fascinating information about the arts. Add a dose of laughter and creativity. What do you get? Best-selling author John Lithgow's Lithgow Palooza Readers! The popular Lithgow Palooza Readers feature three levels of reading fun for children grades K to 3, carefully designed to match the abilities of developing readers. Research has proven that children benefit academically from participation in the arts. Children will build and strengthen important reading skills as they learn about such things as instruments, animals, music, and sounds.

    or world history. Breaking history up into digestible lessons, the History Guides make it easier for students to see how events, figures, movements, and trends interrelate. SparkNotes History Guides are perfect for high school and college history classes, for students studying for History AP Test or SAT Subject Tests, and simply as general reference tools.Each note contains a general overview of historical context, a concise summary of events, lists of key people and terms, in-depth summary and analysis with timelines, study questions and suggested essay topics, and a 50-question review quiz.

    This book also covers Thomas Jefferson's support of the expedition as US president, and Meriwether Lewis' and William Clark's preparations for their journey, including purchasing supplies.

    or world history. Breaking history up into digestible lessons, the History Guides make it easier for students to see how events, figures, movements, and trends interrelate. SparkNotes History Guides are perfect for high school and college history classes, for students studying for History AP Test or SAT Subject Tests, and simply as general reference tools. Each note contains a general overview of historical context, a concise summary of events, lists of key people and terms, in-depth summary and analysis with timelines, study questions and suggested essay topics, and a 50-question review quiz.

    Instead, he discovered the islands of present-day Cuba, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic. Columbus's voyage inspired others to venture west to the Americas in search of wealth and exploration. Other expeditions, undertaken by such explorers as Amerigo Vespucci, Vasco Nunez de Balboa, Hernando de Soto, and George Vancouver, changed life in both hemispheres. Discovery of the Americas, 1492-1800, Revised Edition tells the stories of explorers whose travels made major contributions to world history.