The status of Hebrew as the natural, intellectual, and primordial language is discussed against the background of the medieval speculations regarding this topic.Abulafia proposed an elaborate hermeneutical system, unique in the whole Kabbalistic literature, for both its systematic exposition and the eccentric exegetical devices it describes. Various versions of this sevenfold system occur in several manuscripts that are collected and analyzed here in detail for the first time.Torah was regarded by Abulafia as the most important text, reflecting the constitution of the intellectual world and being identical with the Active intellect and even to God Himself. On the other hand, Torah was interpreted in Abulafia's Kabbalah as an allegory to the psychological processes of the mystic, an approach different from the regular Kabbalistic interpretation of this text as a symbolic corpus reflecting the divine intrasefirotic life.

    

    The author has drawn together all the scattered official documents of this monarch to construct a reliable record of his conquests, his government, and his relations with both Cluny and Rome in the last third of the eleventh century and the first decade of the twelfth. In addition, he has used the accounts of the medieval Spanish chroniclers, the Arab historians, and the burgeoning special studies of modern Spanish medievalists to round out his account of a man who ruled a kingdom larger than that of England and who set the main lines of political development that eventually produced modern Spain and Portugal.What results is the first scholarly account of the greatest Christian kingdom of Northern Spain at the critical period in its formation. Historians of the Spanish Reconquista, of the medieval church, and of institutional and social life will find it an invaluable commentary on the development of those phenomena during a peculiarly fertile reign, while the citations of thousands of royal and private documents will furnish a guide without parallel to more specialized studies in those areas.

    Documenting a history of revolution that failed at the hands of its enemies on both the reformist left and reactionary right, this intelligent account covers all areas of the anarchist experience—from the spontaneous militias and the revolutionary collectives to the moral dilemmas occasioned by the clash of revolutionary ideals and the stark reality of the war effort. Passionately written and carefully indexed, this edition is the only in-depth English-language text available and converts the work into a usable tool for historians and anarchists alike. Volume 3 tells of the CNT's last push for the anarchist revolution in Spain and the crushing defeat of the wide-ranging activities of the CNT. An additional chapter, "The History of Spanish Anarchism in the English Language," is included.

    

    Not until 1986, however, did they appear so in Spanish— and not until 1988 were they published together in English. By presenting them together, Jiménez had wanted them to convey the same continuity of emotion, the same philosophical intensity, that he had experienced while writing them. “All My Life,” he wrote in his introduction, “I have toyed with the idea of writing a continuous poem...with no concrete theme, sustained only by its own surprise, its rhythm, its discoveries, its light, its successive joys; that is, its intrinsic elements, its essence.” That continuous poem is Time and Space the last book Jiménez wrote. Presented here in a bilingual edition, Time and Space will take readers of both English and Spanish on the longest and most sustained ride on the crest of poetry they will ever enjoy. “The greatest poem in this Century...” —Octavio Paz Antonio T. de Nicolás, translator and editor of Time and Space is also widely known for his highly acclaimed translation of the Juan Ramón Jiménez classic, Platero and I, as well as many other works in Spanish. His first book of poetry, Remembering the God to Come, is also being published by iUniverse.com.

    Approximately 100 Blacks were among the 3,200 volunteers from the US that formed the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, the first non-Jim Crow military organization in US history. Yates describes Oliver Law, the first Black commander of a US military unit; Paul Robeson; Langston Hughes, who Yates drove to the front; and nurse Salaria Key O'Reilly. Yates makes cogent connections between fascism and racism. James Yates returned to the US after having been wounded in the Spanish Civil War. He will be remembered for his active role in the struggle for freedom. James Yates died in January, 1994. The Jimmy Yates Award is presented annually to a short story writer by the Molasses Pond Writers Workshop in Franklin, Maine.

    Hugh Thomas, best known for his authoritative history of the Spanish Civil War, "The Conquest of Mexico" and "Rivers of Gold", has chosen from diaries, letters, memoirs and novels ranging across five centuries of Madrid's history. The anthology brilliantly evokes the drama and personalities of the past with eye-witness accounts and commentaries from both visitors and inhabitants. These include Beaumarchais, Beckford, Luis Buñuel, Alexandre Dumas, Goya, Victor Hugo, Hemingway, Napoleon, and scores of others. Bullfights are viewed in the 17th century by the great historian the Earl of Clarendon; the Duke of Wellington walks in the shady Paseo del Prado in 1812; in more recent times Salvador Dalí plays a surrealist joke on a staid barman at the Ritz. There are glimpses of Rubens in the Alcázar, Manet at the Prado, generals and anarchists in the Puerta del Sol, and Casanova and Trotsky in prison. A richly satisfying mixture that provides both an introduction to the city and an essence of the spirit of place.