Best of
Archaeology

1997

Ancient Egypt


David P. Silverman - 1997
    200+ color photos, maps, and charts.

Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun: Hernando de Soto and the South’s Ancient Chiefdoms


Charles M. Hudson - 1997
    Until now, his path has been one of history's most intriguing mysteries. With Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun, anthropologist Charles Hudson offers a solution to the question, "Where did de Soto go?" Using a new route reconstruction, for the first time the story of the de Soto expedition can be laid on a map, and in many instances it can be tied to specific archaeological sites.Arguably the most important event in the history of the Southeast in the sixteenth century, De Soto's journey cut a bloody and indelible swath across both the landscape and native cultures in a quest for gold and personal glory. The desperate Spanish army followed the sunset from Florida to Texas before abandoning its mission. De Soto's one triumph was that he was the first European to explore the vast region that would be the American South, but he died on the banks of the Mississippi River a broken man in 1542.Abundantly illustrated, Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun is a clearly written narrative that unfolds against the exotic backdrop of a now extinct social and geographic landscape. Hudson masterfully chronicles both De Soto's expedition and the native societies he visited. A blending of archaeology, history, and historical geography, this is a monumental study of the sixteenth-century Southeast.

Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior from the Human Skeleton


Clark Spencer Larsen - 1997
    This is the first comprehensive synthesis of the emerging field of bioarchaeology. A central theme is the interaction between biology and behavior, underscoring the dynamic nature of skeletal and dental tissues, and the influences of environment and culture on human biological variation. It emphasizes research results and their interpretation, covering palaeopathology, physiological stress, skeletal and dental growth and structure, and the processes of aging and biodistance. It will be a unique resource for students and researchers interested in biological and physical anthropology or archaeology.

Archaeology of The Southwest


Linda S. Cordell - 1997
    The new edition is entitled Archaeology of the Southwest, and it provides a coherent and comprehensive summary of the major themes and topics central to the modern practice and interpretation of Southwest archaeology. Cordell's text is the best study on the market. After an extensive review process, the revision addresses specific issues in order to effectively meet the audience's interests and demands. This new edition introduces new data and syntheses of information, including those available through advanced technology. It presents reconceptualized chapters, and provides new or improved illustrations throughout the text.Key Features* Offers a readable and accurate representation of current debates and research in the American Southwest* Challenges readers to integrate the structure and meaning of various broad regional trends that preceded the European conquest* Covers the latest in field research and topical syntheses* Addresses curricular cultural diversity requirements* Contains new maps, line drawings, and photos

Luminous Debris: Reflecting on Vestige in Provence and Languedoc


Gustaf Sobin - 1997
    Drawing on prehistory, protohistory, and Gallo-Roman antiquity, the twenty-six essays in this book focus on a particular place or artifact for the relevance inherent in each. A Bronze Age earring or the rippling wave pattern in Massiolite ceramic are more than archival curiosities for Sobin. Instead they invite inquiry and speculation on existence itself: Artifacts are read as realia, and history as an uninterrupted sequence of object lessons.As much travel writing as meditative discourse, Luminous Debris is enhanced by a prose that tracks, questions, and reflects on the materials invoked. Sobin engages the reader with precise descriptions of those very materials and the messages to be gleaned from their examination, be they existential, ethical, or political.An American expatriate living in Provence for the past thirty-five years, Gustaf Sobin shares his enthusiasm for his adopted landscape and for a vertical interpretation of its strata. In Luminous Debris he creates meaning out of matter and celebrates instances of reality, past and present.

The Ancient Celts


Barry Cunliffe - 1997
    For two and half thousand years the Celts have continued to fascinate all who have come into contact with them. THE ANCIENT CELTS presents an absorbing account of the tribes whose origins and identity still provoke heated debate. Exploring the archaeological reality of the Iron Age inhabitants of barbarian Europe, Professor Cunliffe traces the emergence of chiefdoms,patterns of expansion and migration, and the development of Celtic ethnicity and identity.

Dark Passenger


Donald Allen Kirch - 1997
    As the voyage progresses, passengers and crew become the victims of several grisly murders - not seen since the infamous Jack the Ripper. All clues point to the impossible: the murderer is a 3,000-year-old mummy named "Ka-Re." Amid all the death and chaos, Parker is ultimately forced to choose between preserving his lifelong discovery and saving himself.

Israel in Egypt: The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Exodus Tradition


James K. Hoffmeier - 1997
    The reason for the rejection of the exodus tradition is said to be the lack of historical and archaeological evidence in Egypt. Those advancing these claims, however, are not specialists in the study of Egyptian history, culture, and archaeology. In this pioneering book, James Hoffmeier examines the most current Egyptological evidence and argues that it supports the biblical record concerning Israel in Egypt.

The Context of Scripture, Volume 1 Canonical Compositions from the Biblical World


William W. Hallo - 1997
    During these two and a half millennia (ca. 3000-500 BCE), the Near East is the primary locus of written documentation, and thus the place where the emergence of humanity's achievements can be followed in detail. Two centuries of persistent exploration of the Near East have led to the recovery of much of this documentation, and the recovery continues at an unabated pace. The discoveries made in the field, and their interpretation in the scholarly literature, are brought to the attention of a wide public in three volumes, prepared by leading scholars in all the principal language areas of the ancient Near East. The first volume, Canonical Compositions from the Biblical World, is devoted to "literary" texts - those responses to the world about them by which the creative minds of antiquity sought to come to terms with their environment, real or imaginary. The second volume, Monumental Inscriptions from the Biblical World, emphasizes "historical" texts: the monuments in which the rulers attempted to memorialize their achievements and lesser mortals expressed their loyalty or piety. The third volume, Archival Documents from the Biblical World, incorporates "economic" texts - the unassuming records of daily life which nonetheless go far toward permitting the reconstruction of social, legal and commercial institutions that concerned the majority of humanity. All these canons, monuments and documents provide the context in which Biblical literature flowered. They have therefore been selected in part to illuminate the comparisons or contrasts with specific Biblical passages that have been identified in the scholarly literature. These passages are identified in each selection, and in the extensive bibliography provided. Other selections have been made to illustrate the range of the ancient documentation, or to highlight new discoveries. Elaborate indices are designed to call attention, not only to Biblical parallels, but to those among the ancient sources themselves. This authoritative three-volume reference work is an invaluable research tool and essential reading for all those engaged in the study of the Hebrew Bible in its ancient Near Eastern context.

Cowboys and Cave Dwellers: Basketmaker Archaeology of Utah's Grand Gulch


Fred M. Blackburn - 1997
    Late in the nineteenth century, adventurous cowboy-archaeologists made the first forays into the canyons in search of the material remains of these prehistoric cultures. Rancher Richard Wetherill (best known as the discoverer of Mesa Verde's Cliff Palace) and his brothers; entrepreneurs Charles McLoyd and Charles Cary Graham; and numerous other adventurers, scholars, preachers, and businessmen mounted expeditions into the area now known as Grand Gulch.With varying degrees of scientific rigor, they mapped and dug the canyon's rich archaeological sites, removing large numbers of artifacts and burial goods to exhibit or sell back home-whether home was Durango, Chicago, New York, or Helsinki. During a trip in the winter of 1893-94, Richard Wetherill unearthed convincing proof that a previously unrecognized group of people had lived in Grand Gulch before the so-called Anasazi, or Cliff Dwellers. Wetherill named these people the Basket Makers and inaugurated a new era of understanding of the region's prehistoric past.Almost one hundred years later, the modern-day adventure that became known as the Wetherill-Grand Gulch Research Project began. Intrigued by the poorly documented history of the Gulch, a group of avocational archaeologists launched a grassroots effort to recover that history and locate the many artifacts that had been extracted from southeastern Utah's arid soil. The Gulch, they found, contained its own invaluable clues in the form of dated signatures left on canyon walls by the Wetherills and others as they made their way from site to site. An effort to track the original explorers in the Gulch ultimately led the team to Chicago's Field Museum and the American Museum of Natural History in New York.In this book, Fred M. Blackburn and Ray A. Williamson tell the two intertwined stories of the early archaeological expeditions into Grand Gulch and the Wetherill-Grand Gulch Research Project. In the process, they describe what we now know about Basketmaker culture and present a stirring plea for the preservation of our nation's priceless archaeological heritage. Lavishly illustrated with color and black-and-white photographs.

Ancient Faces: Mummy Portraits in Roman Egypt


Susan Walker - 1997
    Published to coincide with a new major exhibition of these portraits, Ancient Faces is the most comprehensive, up-to-date survey of these astonishing works of art.Dating from the later period of Roman rule in Egypt, shortly before the birth of Christ, the painted mummy portraits are among the most remarkable products of the ancient world, a fusion of the traditions of pharonic Egypt and the Classical world. They are historical and cultural objects of outstanding importance and beauty, superb works of art that represent some of the earliest known examples of life-like portraiture. Though the subjects of the portraits believed in the traditional Egyptian cults, which offered them a firm prospect of life after death, they also wished to be commemorated in the Roman manner, with their fashion of dress and adornment signaling their status in life. Despite their ancient history, these portraits speak to the modern eye with a beauty and intensity that would be lost to portraiture until the Renaissance.

The Reign of the Greyhound


Cynthia A. Branigan - 1997
    They have sat at the feet of the Pharaohs. Their likenesses have graced coins, stamps, seals, and coats of arms. And they have won the hearts of dog lovers worldwide with their sweet nature, intelligence, and grace.Beautifully illustrated with more than 100 black-and-white reproductions and photos, The Reign of the Greyhound is a rich, historical testimony to the breed, celebrating its extraordinary place in canine history and human civilization. Passionately written by Greyhound expert Cynthia Branigan, this updated edition features new information on the history and current state of ex-racer adoptions, which save the lives of thousands of Greyhounds each year. From ancient Egypt to modern times, from the temple to the show ring to the track, you'll see how this noble breed has evolved from a royal pet to a racing dog to a loving companion-and you'll no doubt deepen your understanding and appreciation of this fine animal, whose regal history has been too long ignored.

The Viking Invader


Paul Dowswell - 1997
    This tabloid-style work contains illustrations and photographs, which help present a wealth of accurate historical material in an irresistible fashion.

From the Realm of the Ancestors: An Anthology in Honor of Marija Gimbutas


Joan Marler - 1997
    Her pioneering, interdisciplinary research into the earliest cultures of Europe led to a startling new view of the origins and meaning of Western civilization. According to anthropologist Ashley Montagu, "Marija Gimbutas has given us a veritable Rosetta Stone of the greatest heuristic value..". Linguist Harald Haarmann states, "(Gimbutas') discovery of a deeper layer of European history...may be considered the framework for a new paradigm in research into antiquity".From the Realm of the Ancestors: Anthology i Honor of Marija Gimbutas, is an international collection of essays by major scholars of archaeology, anthropology, linguistics, genetics, history, mythology, comparative religions, women's studies, psychology, poetry, and the visual arts. These essays present a broad sampling of essential ideas, inspired by the work of Marija Gimbutas, that provide a new understanding of the beginnings of European civilization and profound possibilities for cultural transformation.

Celtic Scotland


Ian Armit - 1997
    It traces the development of society in Scotland, from fragmented Iron Age tribes, into Picts, Scots and Britons, and uses reconstruction drawings and photographs to illustrate what Celtic life was like.

The Making Of The Cretan Landscape


Oliver Rackham - 1997
    The authors explain how the island's peculiar and extraordinary features, moulded and modified by centuries of human activity, have come together to create today's landscape. They explain the formation and ecology of Crete's mountains and coastline, and examine contemporary threats to the island's natural beauty.

The Cambridge Illustrated History of Prehistoric Art


Paul G. Bahn - 1997
    The book also offers the first detailed account of how the world of scholarship became aware of the existence of prehistoric art, reproducing the very earliest drawings by explorers and surveyors from the 1600s onward to create a unique pictorial as well as discursive resource. With this powerful combination of illustration and analysis, Paul Bahn describes what prehistoric art is and the different ways in which it can shed light on the lives and preoccupations of our ancestors: sexual, humorous, social, economic, and religious. The result is a fascinating exploration: a book that Desmond Morris describes as a model of scientific restraint and objectivity....this is ultimately an art book, and as such it is endlessly provocative and engaging. Paul Bahn is an archaeologist and the author of more than 400 publications. He has authored or coauthored eight books, including The Cambridge Illustrated History of Archaeology. Dr. Bahn is a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.

Teotihuacan: An Experiment in Living


Esther Pasztory - 1997
    Comparing the arts of Teotihuacan - not previously judged "artistic" - with those of other ancient civilizations, Ester Pasztory demonstrates how they created and reflected the community’s ideals.Most people associate the pyramids of central Mexico with the Aztecs, but these colossal constructions antedate the Aztecs by more than a thousand years. The people of Teotihuacan, who built the pyramids as part of a city of unprecedented size, remain a mystery.

The Kurgan Culture and the Indo-Europeanization of Europe: Selected Articles from 1952 to 1993


Marija Gimbutas - 1997
    

The Archaeology of New York State


William A. Ritchie - 1997
    The only one-volume account of the early peoples of New York State.

Stone Age Farmers Beside the Sea: Scotland's Prehistoric Village of Skara Brae


Caroline Arnold - 1997
    This description of the Stone Age settlement preserved in the sand dunes of Scotland's Orkney Islands includes how it was discovered and what it reveals about life in prehistoric times.

Making Faces


John Prag - 1997
    The science has been making news in odd corners of the world for being used to identify the remains of long-lost Japanese soldiers on remote Pacific islands and for examining whether 19th-century American presidents might have met with foul play. In this accessible study, archaeologists John Prag and Richard Neave look into the world of "making faces"--reconstructing human forms from bits of bone, giving physical presence to the long-since dead. Among their subjects are King Midas of ancient Greek legend and the famous "bog man" of Lindow Moss, England.

The Book of Tara


Michael Slavin - 1997
    It is the site of St Patrick's confrontation with the druids and seat of the High Kings. Legend and history meet in Tara - the Stone of Destiny, which cries out only when touched by a true king, still sits at its summit. Centuries after Tara had been abandoned by Irish rulers, it was chosen as the rallying point for the United Irishmen of the 1798 rebellion. Daniel O'Connell, The Liberator, relied on its power in the 19th century to draw a record attendance to a Home Rule meeting. Today over 30,000 people visit Tara each year.

The Vanishing Tribes of Burma


Richard K. Diran - 1997
    Some groups living only a few miles apart have entirely different languages and ways of life. As these tribes are being dispersed and resettled by the present government of Myanmar, this stunning documentary may represent the last time that they can be seen in their native territories.

Rock Art of the Dreamtime: Images of Ancient Australia


Josephine Flood - 1997
    It gives an overview of recent research, dating techniques and discoveries.

Secret Treasures (A National Geographic Action Book)


Catherine Herbert Howell - 1997
    People, animals, and places, from ancient times to the present, spring to life from these imaginative and entertaining pop-up books. Multitiered illustrations will delight young readers as well as adults. These highly involving books have from five to seven pop-up spreads and, in most cases, one or two action devices on every page.

Journey Through the Ice Age


Paul G. Bahn - 1997
    Paul Bahn and Jean Vertut explore carved objects and wall art discoveries from the Ice Age, covering the period from 300,000 B.P. to 10,000 B.P., and their collaboration marks a signal event for archaeologists and lay readers alike.Utilizing the most modern analytical techniques in archaeology, Bahn presents new accounts of Russian caves only recently opened to foreign specialists; the latest discoveries from China and Brazil; European cave finds at Cosquer, Chauvet, and Covaciella; and the recently discovered sites in Australia. He also studies sites in Africa, India, and the Far East. Included are the only photographic images of many caves that are now closed to protect their fragile environments. A separate chapter in the book examines art fakes and forgeries and relates how such deceptions have been exposed.The beliefs and preoccupations of Paleolithic peoples resonate throughout this book: the importance of the hunt and the magic and shamanism surrounding it, the recording of the seasons, the rituals of sex and fertility, the cosmology and associated myths. Yet enigmas and mysteries emerge as well, particularly as new analytical techniques raise new questions and cast doubt on our earlier suppositions.A comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of all that has been discovered about Ice Age art, Bahn and Vertut's book offers a visually rich link with the past.

The Archaeology of Ancient Arizona


Jefferson Reid - 1997
    Whether Montezuma Castle or a chunk of pottery, these traces of prehistory also bring archaeologists from all over the world, and their work gives us fresh insight and information on an almost day-to-day basis. Who hasn't dreamed of boarding a time machine for a trip into the past? This book invites us to step into a Hohokam village with its sounds of barking dogs, children's laughter, and the ever-present grinding of mano on metate to produce the daily bread. Here, too, readers will marvel at the skills of Clovis elephant hunters and touch the lives of other ancestral people known as Mogollon, Anasazi, Sinagua, and Salado. Descriptions of long-ago people are balanced with tales about the archaeologists who have devoted their lives to learning more about "those who came before." Trekking through the desert with the famed Emil Haury, readers will stumble upon Ventana Cave, his "answer to a prayer." With amateur archaeologist Richard Wetherill, they will sense the peril of crossing the flooded San Juan River on the way to Chaco Canyon. Others profiled in the book are A. V. Kidder, Andrew Ellicott Douglass, Julian Hayden, Harold S. Gladwin, and many more names synonymous with the continuing saga of southwestern archaeology. This book is an open invitation to general readers to join in solving the great archaeological puzzles of this part of the world. Moreover, it is the only up-to-date summary of a field advancing so rapidly that much of the material is new even to professional archaeologists. Lively and fast paced, the book will appeal to anyone who finds magic in a broken bowl or pueblo wall touched by human hands hundreds of years ago. For all readers, these pages offer a sense of adventure, that "you are there" stir of excitement that comes only with making new discoveries about the distant past.

Marxist Archaeology PB


Randall H. McGuire - 1997
    This book applies Marxist theory to archaeology, explores long-term historical change and cultural evolution, and advocates a dialectical and historical approach to the study of the past. Originally published by Academic Press in 1992, this edition features a new prologue by the author.

The Hernando de Soto Expedition: History, Historiography, and "Discovery" in the Southeast


Patricia Kay Galloway - 1997
    The eighteen contributors to this volume—anthropologists, ethnohistorians, and literary critics—investigate broad cultural and literary aspects of the resulting social and demographic collapse or radical transformation of many Native societies and the gradual opening of the Southeast to European colonization.

How Writing Came About


Denise Schmandt-Besserat - 1997
    In these two volumes, Denise Schmandt-Besserat set forth her groundbreaking theory that the cuneiform script invented in the Near East in the late fourth millennium B.C.—the world's oldest known system of writing—derived from an archaic counting device.How Writing Came About draws material from both volumes to present Schmandt-Besserat's theory for a wide public and classroom audience. Based on the analysis and interpretation of a selection of 8,000 tokens or counters from 116 sites in Iran, Iraq, the Levant, and Turkey, it documents the immediate precursor of the cuneiform script.

The Stones Cry Out: How Archaeology Reveals the Truth of the Bible


Randall Price - 1997
    Pottery shards, stone inscriptions, ancient scrolls, and other fascinating artifacts have shed new light on the people and events of the Bible—bringing them from the realm of mystery to the world of fact.Discover what new archaeological finds have to tell us about Israel’s journey to the promised land, the fall of Jericho’s walks, the ark of the covenant, the kings and prophets of Israel, the Assyrian and Babylonian invasions, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the time and people of Jesus, and more. Includes testimonies and interviews from leading archaeologists and exciting pictures featuring the latest finds made in the lands of the Bible.The Stones Cry Out will give you a new appreciation for both the world and the Word of the Bible!

Cahokia: Domination and Ideology in the Mississippian World


Timothy R. Pauketat - 1997
    Louis. This sprawling complex, known to archaeologists as Cahokia, was the dominant cultural, ceremonial, and trade center north of Mexico for centuries. This stimulating collection of essays casts new light on the remarkable accomplishments of Cahokia.

Exodus: The Egyptian Evidence


Brown University - 1997
    The focus of the traditional approach was on the history of ancient Israel; discussions of such events as the Exodus were cast in terms that made Israelite history and Israelite origins the central concerns for evaluating evidence. The Exodus narrative provided an exciting explanation for the origin of the Israelites, their migration from slavery to freedom, and the role of divine power."" [Excerpts from the Introduction, by Ernest S. Frerichs]These issues provided the backdrop for a conference convened at the Department of Egyptology, Brown University, in 1992. Exodus: The Egyptian Evidence presents the conclusions of the participant scholars who attempt to answer the question: what does the material evidence tell us about the Exodus?"

Revelation Restored: Divine Writ And Critical Responses


David Weiss Halivni - 1997
    While the conclusions reached by such critical scholarship are still matters of dispute, the inconsistencies which it has identified stand clearly before us and pose a serious challenge to the believer in divine revelation. How can a text marred by contradiction be the legacy of Sinai? How can there be reverence for holy scriptures that show signs of human intervention? David Weiss Halivni explores these questions, not by disputing the evidence itself or by defending the absolute integrity of the Pentateuchal words at all costs, but rather by accepting the inconsistencies of the text as such and asking how this text might yet be a divine legacy.Inconsistencies and unevenness in the Pentateuchal scriptures are not the discovery of modern textual science alone. Halivni demonstrates that the earliest stewards of the Torah, including some of those represented in the Bible itself, were aware of discrepancies within the tradition. From the Book of Chronicles through the commentaries of the Rabbis, sensitive readers have perceived maculations, which mitigate against the notion of an unblemished, divine document, and have responded to these maculations in different ways. Revelation Restored asserts that acknowledging and accounting for human intervention in the Pentateuchal text is not alien to the Biblical or Rabbinic tradition and need not belie the tradition of revelation. Moreover, it argues that through recognizing textual problems in the scriptures, as well as efforts to resolve them in tradition, we may learn not only about the nature of the Pentateuch itself but also about the ongoing relationship between its people and its source.

The Roman Cavalry


Patricia Southern - 1997
    Karen R. Dixon and Pat Southern describe the origins of the mounted units of the Roman army and trace their development from temporary allied troops to the regular alae and cohorts. They have drawn together evidence from a wide variety of sources: archaeological, epigraphic and literary, as well as comparing ancient testimony with more recent experience of the use of cavalry.The book covers the subject from the perspective of both the men and the horses. How were the horses selected and disposed of; how were they trained, stabled and fed? How were the men recruited, organized and equipped; and what were the conditions of service for a Roman cavalryman? The cavalry had to be employed in peacetime and this is discussed as well as its role in war.The image of the Roman cavalry is often one of excitement and glory but the authors are aware that a true picture must not overlook the routine and the suffering. This book provides a comprehensive account of the Roman cavalry and the current state of knowledge concerning it. The wide selection of illustrations includes original drawings by Karen R. Dixon.

On the Prairie of Palo Alto: Historical Archaeology of the U.S-Mexican War Battlefield


Charles M. Haecker - 1997
    Grant, George G. Meade, and James Longstreet--provided a wealth of expert knowledge to their senior officers; the military demonstrated the superior qualities of their newly introduced "flying" artillery, one that would see fruition during the far greater epoch of the Civil War; and graduates of the U.S. Military Academy experienced their first major test. The battle was essentially an artillery duel that pitted highly effective U.S. cannon against Mexican cannon of antiquated design. The Americans rapidly deployed at will two field batteries, each consisting of six- and twelve-pounder guns and howitzers. Two eighteen-pounder siege guns, periodically hauled forward by teams of oxen, contributed to the decimation of the Mexican infantry. In contrast, Mexican four- and eight-pounder guns lacked the maneuverability and range needed to check their aggressive adversary. Although the Mexicans attempted flanking and frontal attacks on the U.S. lines, they were repulsed with heavy losses. Unable to maneuver, and confused and bloodied after standing all day under artillery fire, the Mexicans withdrew. In On the Prairie of Palo Alto, Charles M. Haecker and Jeffrey G. Mauck use an interdisciplinary approach, combining research of a historian with that of a historical archaeologist, to present an accurate version of how the battle developed and concluded. By reviewing historical accounts of the battle, comparing and contrasting both Mexican and U.S. documents pertaining to the battle, analyzing contemporary battlefield maps, and examining relevant areas of the battlefield site itself, the authors have determined that several significant differences between the American and Mexican versions of battle events and that the American version more closely approximates the truth. Military historians and U.S.–Mexican War enthusiasts will find this analysis of the actual conduct of the battle interesting and insightful.

Prehistory in Peril: The Worst and Best in Furango


Florence C. Lister - 1997
    In addition to its natural beauty, the area has been host to a number of ancestral Pueblo Indian groups dating back to prehistoric times. In the 1930s, archeological professionals made up a small, growing group while the ranks of amateur enthusiasts and pothunters, those who dug ancient sites for artifacts out of curiosity or for monetary gain, swelled. Prehistory in Peril is the first accurate account of the early period of archeological study of the Durango area. The area, still rife with unexplored sites, drew many self-trained amateurs and pothunters. As more and more historically significant artifacts were found, bitter confrontation and animosity developed between professionals and enthusiasts. Prehistory in Peril follows the fascinating drama and re-evaluates data from two prominent archeologists of that time, and takes into account more recent research to draw new conclusions about the prehistoric cultural patterns revealed in the southern Colorado area of Durango.

The Spirit of Ancient Peru


Museo Arqueologico Rafael Larco Herrera - 1997
    Spectacular ceramics, textiles, metalwork and sculpture from the Chavin, Cupisnique, Salinar, Gallinazo, Moche, Parcas, Nasca, Lambayeque, Huari, Chimu and Inca cultures are illustrated and described, all with colour photographs. Some of the objects are remarkable for the skill of their craftmenship, such as ornate gold and silver jewellery and headresses, others intriguing for the beliefs they reveal, such as an intricate Lambayeque textile featuring elaborate divine beings, others are simply extraordinary, for example mosiac earplugs!

How Chiefs Come to Power: The Political Economy in Prehistory


Timothy Earle - 1997
    In a chiefdom, the highest-status male (first son by the first wife) holds both authority and special access to economic, military, and ideological power, and others derive privilege from their positions in the chiefly hierarchy.A chiefdom is also a regional polity with institutional governance and some social stratification organizing a population of a few thousand to tens of thousands of people. The author argues that the fundamental dynamics of chiefdoms are essentially the same as those of states, and that the origin of states is to be understood in the emergence and development of chiefdoms. The history of chiefdoms documents the evolutionary trajectories that resulted, in some situations, in the institutionalization of broad-scale, politically centralized societies and, in others, in highly fragmented and unstable regions of competitive polities. Understanding the dynamics of chiefly society, the author asserts, offers an essential view into the historical background of the modern world.Three cases on which the author has conducted extensive field research are used to develop the book’s arguments—Denmark during the Neolithic and Early Bronze Ages (2300-1300 b.c.), the high Andes of Peru from the early chiefdoms through the Inka conquest (a.d. 500-1534), and Hawaii from early in its settlement to its incorporation in the world economy (a.d. 800-1824). Rather than deal with each case separately, the author presents an integrated discussion around the different power sources. After summarizing the cultural history of the three societies over a thousand years, he considers the sources of chiefly power and how these sources were linked together. The ultimate aim of the book is to determine how chiefs came to power and the implications that contrasting paths to power had for the evolutionary trajectories of societies. It attributes particular importance to the way different power bases were bound together and grounded in the political economy.

The Archaeology of Ethnicity: Constructing Identities in the Past and Present


Sian Jones - 1997
    Indigenous and nationalist claims to territory, often rely on reconstructions of the past based on the traditional identification of 'cultures' from archaeological remains. Sian Jones responds to the need for a reassessment of the ways in which social groups are identified in the archaeological record, with a comprehensive and critical synthesis of recent theories of ethnicity in the human sciences. In doing so, she argues for a fundamentally different view of ethnicity, as a complex dynamic form of identification, requiring radical changes in archaeological analysis and interpretation.

The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition (Set of 2 volumes)


Florentino García Martínez - 1997
    This indispensable two-volume compendium of the Dead Sea Scrolls contains newly edited English translations and summaries of all the biblical and nonbiblical scrolls found at Qumran. Designed as a practical reference tool to facilitate study of the Scrolls, these volumes will be an essential addition to the library of anyone interested in the Dead Sea Scrolls--from serious scholars to general readers seeking reliable translations of these invaluable ancient texts.

Textile Production at 16-22 Coppergate (The Archaeology of York: The Small Finds)


Penelope Walton Rogers - 1997
    

Bones of the Maya: Studies of Ancient Skeletons


Stephen L. WhittingtonCarl Armstrong - 1997
    Buikstra / Diane Z. Chase / Mark N. Cohen / Della Collins Cook / Marie Elaine Danforth / Andres del Angel / Robert E. Ferrell / John P. Gerry / Karen D. Gettelman / Lorena M. Havill / Keith P. Jacobi / Harold W. Krueger / Nora M. Lopez Olivares / Lourdes Marquez / Virginia K. Massey / D. Andrew Merriwether / Kathleen O'Connor / K. Anne Pyburn / David M. Reed / Frank P. Saul / Julie Mather Saul / D. Gentry Steele / Rebecca Storey / Diane M. Warren / David Webster / Christine D. White / Stephen L. Whittington / Lori E. Wright

Native Americans And Archaeologists: Stepping Stones To Common Ground


Nina Swidler - 1997
    Issues such as reburial and repatriation, land and resource 'ownership, ' and the integration of tradition and science have long divided archaeologists and Native American communities. Both groups recognize the need for a dramatic transformation of the discipline into one that appeals to and serves the greater public. This book tackles these and other issues by elucidating successful strategies for collaboration. It includes detailed discussions of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), enacted in 1990 in effort to legislatively redefine ownership of cultural items. Perspectives range from Native American representatives from tribes throughout the U.S., professional archaeologists and anthropologists working for tribes, federal and state agency representatives, museum specialists, and private archaeology and anthropology consultants. Published in cooperation with the Society for American Archaeology.

Jamestown rediscovery III


William M. Kelso - 1997