Best of
American-History

1971

Eleanor and Franklin


Joseph P. Lash - 1971
    Lash reconstructs the Roosevelt’s four-decade marriage from Eleanor’s personal papers. The result is an intimate look at the vibrant private world of the public persona.

Boss: Richard J. Daley of Chicago


Mike Royko - 1971
    Daley, politician and self-promoter extraordinaire, from his inauspicious youth on Chicago's South Side through his rapid climb to the seat of power as mayor and boss of the Democratic Party machine. A bare-all account of Daley's cardinal sins as well as his milestone achievements, this scathing work by Chicago journalist Mike Royko brings to life the most powerful political figure of his time: his laissez-faire policy toward corruption, his unique brand of public relations, and the widespread influence that earned him the epithet of "king maker." The politician, the machine, the city--Royko reveals all with witty insight and unwavering honesty, in this incredible portrait of the last of the backroom Caesars.New edition includes an Introduction in which the author reflects on Daley's death and the future of Chicago.

Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911-45


Barbara W. Tuchman - 1971
    Tuchman won the Pulitzer Prize for Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911-45 in 1972. She uses the life of Joseph Stilwell, the military attache to China in 1935-39 and commander of United States forces and allied chief of staff to Chiang Kai-shek in 1942-44, to explore the history of China from the revolution of 1911 to the turmoil of World War II, when China's Nationalist government faced attack from Japanese invaders and Communist insurgents. Her story is an account of both American relations with China and the experiences of one of our men on the ground. In the cantankerous but level-headed Vinegar Joe, Tuchman found a subject who allowed her to perform, in the words of The National Review, one of the historian's most envied magic acts: conjoining a fine biography of a man with a fascinating epic story.

Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War


Eric Foner - 1971
    A key work in establishing political ideology as a major concern of modern American historians, it remains the only full-scale evaluation of the ideas of the early Republican party. Now with a new introduction, Eric Foner puts his argument into the context of contemporary scholarship, reassessing the concept of free labor in the light of the last twenty-five years of writing on such issues as work, gender, economic change, and political thought. A significant reevaluation of the causes of the Civil War, Foner's study looks beyond the North's opposition to slavery and its emphasis upon preserving the Union to determine the broader grounds of its willingness to undertake a war against the South in 1861. Its search is for those social concepts the North accepted as vital to its way of life, finding these concepts most clearly expressed in the ideology of the growing Republican party in the decade before the war's start. Through a careful analysis of the attitudes of leading factions in the party's formation (northern Whigs, former Democrats, and political abolitionists) Foner is able to show what each contributed to Republican ideology. He also shows how northern ideas of human rights--in particular a man's right to work where and how he wanted, and to accumulate property in his own name--and the goals of American society were implicit in that ideology. This was the ideology that permeated the North in the period directly before the Civil War, led to the election of Abraham Lincoln, and led, almost immediately, to the Civil War itself. At the heart of the controversy over the extension of slavery, he argues, is the issue of whether the northern or southern form of society would take root in the West, whose development would determine the nation's destiny. In his new introductory essay, Foner presents a greatly altered view of the subject. Only entrepreneurs and farmers were actually "free men" in the sense used in the ideology of the period. Actually, by the time the Civil War was initiated, half the workers in the North were wage-earners, not independent workers. And this did not account for women and blacks, who had little freedom in choosing what work they did. He goes onto show that even after the Civil War these guarantees for "free soil, free labor, free men" did not really apply for most Americans, and especially not for blacks. Demonstrating the profoundly successful fusion of value and interest within Republican ideology prior to the Civil War, Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men remains a classic of modern American historical writing. Eloquent and influential, it shows how this ideology provided the moral consensus which allowed the North, for the first time in history, to mobilize an entire society in modern warfare.

Regulating the Poor: The Functions of Public Welfare


Frances Fox Piven - 1971
    The authors present a boldly comprehensive, brilliant new theory to explain the comparative underdevelopment of the U.S. welfare state among advanced industrial nations. Their conceptual framework promises to shape the debate within current and future administrations as they attempt to rethink the welfare system and its role in American society."Uncompromising and provocative. . . . By mixing history, political interpretation and sociological analysis, Piven and Cloward provide the best explanation to date of our present situation . . . no future discussion of welfare can afford to ignore them." --Peter Steinfels, The New York Times Book Review

James Monroe: The Quest for National Identity


Harry Ammon - 1971
    Ammon recreates his remarkable career, through his service in the revolutionary army, the Confederation Congress, to his exertions in James Madison's cabinet and his subsequent presidency.

Scottsboro: A Tragedy of the American South


Dan T. Carter - 1971
    Covers the Scottsboro case since its inception as a 1931 freight car incident, accentuating national and international ramifications.

The Civil War Day By Day: An Almanac, 1861-1865


E.B. Long - 1971
    It has been needed for a long time, both by the student and by the man who simply likes to read about the Civil War, but until now no one had the dedication or the encyclopedic knowledge to produce it. Here it is, at last—an almanac, or day-by-day recital down to the close conflict, written by Professor E. B. Long of the University of Wyoming. If there was a battlefield in the Civil War that this man has not visited personally, I do not know where it is; if there is an important collection of papers shedding light on the war that he has not examined, it would be hard to name it. It is no exaggeration whatsoever to say that this man knows more facts about the Civil War than any other man who ever lived. To know a subject thoroughly, of course, is one thing; to put the results of that knowledge into lucid prose of manageable compass is something else again. One does not need to examine many pages of this almanac to realize that Professor Long has succeeded admirably in the second task. Crammed into the margins of each page with facts, this book is never soporific. It is for the casual reader as well as for the specialist; it can even, as a matter of fact, be read straight through as a narrative, in which the dramatic and heart-stirring events of America’s greatest time of trial pass before the eye on a day-to-day basis. A book like this has been needed for a long time, but up to now no one was able to write it. It should have a long life, and no one will ever need to do it again. It belongs on the somewhat restricted shelf of Civil War books that will be of permanent value.”Bruce Catton, from his foreword

The War for the Union: The Organized War, 1863-1864


Allan Nevins - 1971
    This overview of our national history from Fort Sumter through Appomattox and the death of Abraham Lincoln takes a rightful place among the classics accounts of the war that tore America apart.The present volume, complete in itself, opens with a survey of the condition of the nation midway through the warÐa balance-sheet of the strengths of the opposing armiesÐbut soon we stand outside Vicksburg as, after several false starts, Grant closes in around that city and prepares to seize control of the Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in two. Coincident with these mighty operations, we are shown the fumbling and uncertainty that followed the Union defeat at Chancellorsville and the eventual conflict at Gettysburg, the high tide of the Confederacy in one sense and its doom in another. Allan Nevins won the National Book Award for The Organized War: 1863-1864 and The Organized War to Victory: 1864-1865, the succeeding volume in The War for the Union.All four volumes of the War for the Union are currently available from Konecky & Konecky.

The European Discovery of America, Vol 1: The Northern Voyages, 500-1600


Samuel Eliot Morison - 1971
    Navy admiral, was also one of America's premier historians. Combining a first-hand knowledge of the sea and transatlantic travel with a brilliantly readable narrative style, he produced what has become nothing less than the definitive account of the great age of European exploration. In his riveting and richly illustrated saga, Morison offers a comprehensive account of all the known voyages by Europeans to the New World from 500 A.D. to the seventeenth century. Together, the two volumes of The European Discovery of America tell the compelling stories of the many intrepid explorers who made what was then a journey frought with danger--figures as diverse as Leif Ericsson, Columbus, John Cabot, Jacques Cartier, Martin Frobisher, Magellan, Sir Walter Raleigh, and Sir Francis Drake to name but a few. They also follow the adventures of lesser-known but no less interesting mariners and offer a detailed look at those who set them forth on their travels. In the first volume, The Nrthern Voyages--winner of the prestigious Bancroft Prize for History--Morison re-creates the lives and perilous times of those who claimed to have seen the shores of North America in the 600 years after the Norsemen first landed. He brings to his account a rare immediacy, making the drama and unpredictability of their voyages as significant in relation to the people of their era as the astronauts' journeys have been for our own times. Morison also offers a fascinating look at the imaginary lands reported by early travelers (such mythical places as Antilia and the Seven Cities, the glorious Kingdoms of Norumbega and Saguenay, and Hy-Brasil the Isle of the Blest) and examines as well the alleged discoverers of these lands. With warmth and wit he distinguishes fact from fiction, and imaginary explorers and their exploits from actual men and events. In the second volume, Morison turns his attention to the navigators who negotiated the waters of the Caribbean and the treacherous coasts of South America, even following them as they ventured ashore to the dark inland of the southern continent. The Southern Voyages begins with the events leading up to Columbus's arrival in San Salvador in 1492 and concludes with the discovery of the southernmost bit of land, Cape Horn, by Dutch explorers in 1616. In between, Morison retraces the routes of all the great mariners, including a step-by-step account of Magellan's voyage that would take him around the world. Morison has enlivened his narrative with a wide range of source material from Italy, Spain, Portugal, and South America, in the process shedding new light on questions that have divided scholars througout history: Did Sir Francis Drake discover San Francisco Bay? Was Amerigo Vespucci a great explorer or a fraud--or a little of both? What role did the French have in the European discovery of Brazil? Each volume brims with contemporary illustrations, maps (many of them specially drawn for this history) and photographs (often taken by Morison himself as he flew at low altitude along the coastal routes of explorers), which together identify virtually every allusion to land and sea made by the great European navigators in their ship logs and their later accounts. With the 500th anniversary of the European arrival in America came much controversy over Columbus's true legacy. With its lively and engaging style, and with its unsurpassed understanding of the age, The European Discovery of America helps put the era of exploration in much-needed perspective. Anyone interested in the history of America, indeed, in the history of Western Civilization, will find these volumes absolutely essential.

The War for the Union: The Organized War to Victory 1864-1865


Allan Nevins - 1971
    

Thirty Years of Treason: Excerpts from Hearings Before the House Committee on Un-American Activities 1938-1968


Eric Bentley - 1971
    This highly readable and absorbing collection of significant excerpts from the hearings shows with painful clarity how HUAC grew from a panel that investigated possible subversive activities in a "dignified" manner to a huge, unrelenting accusatory finger from which almost no one was safe. This book serves as a warning for the future and creates living history from the documentary record. "The basic document with which all future studies of the [House Un-American Activities] Committee will have to begin." —Dalton Trumbo "...what he has done is give us HUAC as spectacle, and the perspective is shattering."—Victor Navasky, The New York Times

No More Lies


Dick Gregory - 1971
    The African-American comedian and civil rights activist offers his views on American history and race relations in the United States.

Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis


Graham T. Allison - 1971
    Not simply revised, but completely re-written, the Second Edition of this classic text is a fresh reinterpretation of the theories and events surrounding the Cuban Missle Crisis, incorporating all new information from the Kennedy tapes and recently declassified Soviet files. Essence of Decision Second Edition, is a vivid look at decision-making under pressure and is the only single volume work that attempts to answer the enduring question: how should citizens understand the actions of their government?

The Brass Ring


Bill Mauldin - 1971
    A semi-memoir covering a decade of the acclaimed cartoonists formative years (1935-1945), and including many reproductions of famous drawings and photos from the authors personal collection.

A Majority of Scoundrels: An Informal History of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company


Don Berry - 1971
    Is a lively and captivating history of the formative years of the American fur trade, the period in which the Rocky Mountain Fur Company, with its corps of trappers and traders, grew to be "the greatest name in the mountains."

In His Image, But ..: Racism in Southern Religion, 1780-1910


H. Shelton Smith - 1971
    

Nixon in the White House: The Frustration of Power


Rowland Evans - 1971
    Again and again he has come up against the frustration of power.In this extraordinary political profile the authors of Lyndon B. Johnson: The Exercise of Power dissect every aspect of the Nixon administration to date. They show why, almost from the very beginning “the frustration of power” has characterized the Nixon Presidency, and how the reason lies in the personality of Richard Nixon himself—“a complicated, enigmatic man—sometimes super-pragmatic, sometimes doctrinaire, sometimes decisive, but always alone and sometimes lonely.”

Twilight of the Sioux (Neihardt, John Gneisenau, Cycle of the West, V. 2.)


John G. Neihardt - 1971
    The former tells of "the period of migration and the last great fight for the bison pastures between the invading white race and the Sioux, the Cheyenne, and the Arapahoe," while the latter concerns "the conquered people and the worldly end of the last great dream." It closes with the battle of Wounded Knee, ending Indian resistance on the Plains.

Wedding Within the War


Michael Rossman - 1971
    

The Alvin Karpis Story


Alvin Karpis - 1971
    Story of Alvin Karpis, released from prison in 1968 having served 33 years of the life sentence he received for the kidnapping of William Hamm Jr of the Hamm Brewweries in Minneapolis-St Paul.

Los Mojados: The Wetback Story


Julian Samora - 1971
    

The Killings at Kent State: How Murder Went Unpunished


I.F. Stone - 1971
    

Pierre S. Du Pont and the Making of the Modern Corporation


Alfred D. Chandler Jr. - 1971
    du Pont, head of the Du Pont Company and later General Motors, describes how the Delaware scion took a loosely run, family gunpowder factory and turned it into a giant corporation. Moreover, by astute business management he transformed a faltering General Motors into one of the world's most profitable enterprises. Chandler and Salsbury, who had access to business and personal records rarely available to historians, made the most of them. It is truly one of the finest business histories ever written.

To Die Game: The Story of the Lowry Band, Indian Guerillas of Reconstruction


William McKee Evans - 1971
    During the Civil War many young Lumbee Indians of North Carolina hid in the swamps to avoid conscription into Confederate labor battalions and carried on a running guerilla war. To Die Game is the story of Henry Berry Lowry, a Lumbee who was arrested for killing a Confederate official. While awaiting trial, he escaped and took to the swamps with a band of supporters. The Lowry band became as notorious as their contemporaries Jesse and Frank James, as they terrorized bush-whacked leaders of possses and military companies. For more than five years, with the support of local Indians and Negroes, they eluded capture. In 1872, Henry disappeared and some of his other followers were eventually hunted down and killed by bounty hunters.

Great Dismal Swamp: It's Science, History and Folklore


Hubert J. Davis - 1971
    

The Other Californians: Prejudice and Discrimination under Spain, Mexico, and the United States to 1920


Robert F. Heizer - 1971
    We became conscious, after the book was published, of occasionally imposing on the reader our own emotional reactions, and it is these subjective expressions which we have modified or deleted. A collection of 168 documents in the form of official letters from military personnel, Indian Agents, and unsigned articles in California newspapers dating from 1847 to 1865 dealing with the treatment of California Indians will be published shortly by the Peregrine Press of Santa Barbara. These documents will provide some of the original material which was used in writing The Other Californians and may, therefore, be looked on as a companion volume. From the Preface to the first printing:It is the authors' hope to provide in this book a social history of non-Anglo ethnic groups in California's past as illustrated by attitudes of prejudice and acts of discrimination directed against these groups. Historians have been aware that racial prejudice was displayed by California whites, but in general they have treated the subject as though it was an unimportant one, perhaps because race prejudice in the last century was not always considered inhumane in the collective conscience of Americans. We have drawn our information from many sources, and we have quoted liberally in the belief that the wording of the original accounts illustrate the atmosphere of the times much more objectively and forcefully than anyone could describe it. Long documents have not been incorporated into the text, but have been collected at the end in a separate section.

The Disappearance of Dr. Parkman


Robert Sullivan - 1971
    George Parkman, eccentric if not unhinged and certainly most unpleasant, disappeared. Dr. Webster, a professor of chemistry at Harvard was accused of his murder. Sullivan has exhumed the old and little-known story with care, remounted it in its period frame, and enhanced it with his own humor, sympathetic insight and persuasiveness.