He saw, culled from a cave occupied by early humans, a collection of antelope jawbones perfect for sawing, and antelope forelegs perfect for clubbing. He saw the skull of a juvenile proto-human, apparently bashed in. A growing body of evidence suggested that man had evolved on the African continent from carnivorous, predatory stock, who had also, long before man, achieved the use of weapons.An acclaimed dramatist, Ardrey's interest in the African discoveries sprang less from purely scientific grounds than from the radical new light they cast on the eternal question: Why do we behave as we do? Are we naturally inclined towards war and weapons? From 1955 to 1961, Ardrey commuted between the museums and libraries and laboratories of the North, and the games reserves and fossil beds of Africa trying to answer that question.The result was African Genesis. In a sweeping work that encompasses the evolutionary roots of nationalism and patriotism, private property and social order, hierarchy and status-seeking, and even conscience, Ardrey tells a story of man never before heard, and redefines what exactly it means to be human.

    I SPEAK OF FREEDOM Kwame Nkrumah The Political independence of Ghana in 1957became the catalyst of freedom in many other African countries.

    Van der Post describes his desert travels, the splendid landscape and wildlife, and his encounters with the Bushman, an elusive culture. Drawings by Maurice Wilson.

    Lumumba wrote the book in 1956-7, although it was only published in Belgium after his death, in 1961. this lapse of time is important, for here we have not the frenzied figure who bestrode the world politics briefly in 1960, but a 'moderate' nationalist (an attitude scorned by militant pan-Africanists)--liberal-minded, fair and reasonable. His ideas are seen developing and changing; and we can study for the first time the attitude of the Congolese élite on the eve of Independence.What of attitude of this élite to the Belgian colonial rulers? 'The main aim of my book', wrote Lumumba, 'is to bring home to the Belgians and Congolese the imperative and urgent need to achieve right now a brotherly understanding in order to reach a definitive union.' Lumumba, being able to communicate with his own people, sought to enlighten and help the Belgians in the conduct of native affairs--the passages which deal with relations between black and white reveal much that is fascinating about the character of his people--but the Belgians unfortunately were not interested.Colin Legum, a leading expert on Africa who knew Lumumba personally, writes the important Foreword which explains the circumstances under which the book was written, and charts the evolution of Lumumba's life and thought until his tragic end. In particular it follows in great detail the course of Lumumba's last days, the tragedy of which is felt the more keenly after a reading of his book.If Lumumbaism is, as many believe, to develop into a rallying-point for African political aspirations, the this book provides clearer indications than any which have been given so far of the attitudes on which these aspirations are likely to be based.

    Lienhardt examines the complex meanings of divine imagery and relates these to the Dinkas' experience of life and death. From the role of priests to the translation of hymns, prayers, and myths, Lienhardt provides an unparalleled analysis and interpretation of this people and their religion.