The new edition has been updated in accordance with the revised syllabus for 2010. It covers the history of Pakistan up to 1999 and provides students with comprehensive and in-depth knowledge required for the examination. The author is an examiner for O Level Pakistan Studies Paper 1. He is an experienced write of history textbooks for secondary classes, classes, GCSE and O Level.

    Numerous theories have sprouted in an attempt to console ourselves and to point the blame in emotionally satisfying directions—yet none of them are fully convincing. As witnesses to the Holocaust near the ends of their lives, it becomes that much more important to unravel what happened and to educate a new generation about the horrors inflicted by the Nazi regime on Jews and non-Jews alike.Why? dispels many misconceptions and answers some of the most basic—yet vexing—questions that remain: why the Jews and not another ethnic group? Why the Germans? Why such a swift and sweeping extermination? Why didn’t more Jews fight back more often? Why didn’t they receive more help? While responding to the questions he has been most frequently asked by students over the decades, world-renowned Holocaust historian and professor Peter Hayes brings a wealth of scholarly research and experience to bear on conventional, popular views of the history, challenging some of the most prominent recent interpretations. He argues that there is no single theory that “explains” the Holocaust; the convergence of multiple forces at a particular moment in time led to catastrophe.In clear prose informed by an encyclopedic knowledge of Holocaust literature in English and German, Hayes weaves together stories and statistics to heart-stopping effect. Why? is an authoritative, groundbreaking exploration of the origins of one of the most tragic events in human history.

    12 Lectures/30 minutes per lectureLecture 1: Introduction to AnatoliaLecture 2: First Civilizations in AnatoliaLecture 3: The Hittite EmpireLecture 4: Hattusas and Imperial Hittite CultureLecture 5: Origins of Greek CivilizationLecture 6: The Legend of TroyLecture 7: Iron Age Kingdoms of Asia Minor Lecture 8: Emergence of the PolisLecture 9: Ionia and Early Greek CivilizationLecture 10: The Persian ConquestLecture 11: Athenian Empire and Spartan HegemonyLecture 12: Alexander the Great and the DiadochoiPart 2 of 2, 12 Lectures/30 minutes per lecture, 2 DVD's:Lecture 13: The Hellenization of Asia MinorLecture 14: Rome versus the Kings of the EastLecture 15: Prosperity and Roman PatronageLecture 16: Gods and Sanctuaries of Roman Asia MinorLecture 17: Jews and Early ChristiansLecture 18: From Rome to ByzantiumLecture 19: Constantinople, Queen of CitiesLecture 20: The Byzantine Dark AgesLecture 21: Byzantine Cultural RevivalLecture 22: Crusaders and Seljuk TurksLecture 23: Muslim TransformationLecture 24: The Ottoman Empire

    Schott's Original Miscellany

    Levin’s Liberty and Tyranny made the most persuasive case for conservatism and against statism in a generation. In this most crucial time, this leading conservative thinker explores the psychology, motivations, and history of the utopian movement, its architects, and its modern day disciples—and how the individual and American society are being devoured by it.In Ameritopia: The Unmaking of America Levin asks, what is this utopian force that both allures a free people and destroys them? In the end, Levin’s message is clear: The American republic is in great peril. The people must now choose between utopianism or liberty.

    P. Lovecraft’s shocking, terrifying, and eerily prescient Cthulhu Mythos. In twenty-one dark visions, a host of outstanding contemporary writers tap into our innermost fears, with tales set in a misbegotten new world that could have been spawned only by the master of the macabre himself, H. P. Lovecraft. Inside you’ll find:DETAILS by China Miéville: A curious boy discovers that within the splinters of cracked wood or the tangle of tree branches, the devil is in the details.VISITATION by James Robert Smith: When Edgar Allan Poe arrives, a callow man finally gets what he always wanted—and what he may eternally despise. MEET ME ON THE OTHER SIDE by Yvonne Navarro: A couple in love with terror travels beyond their wildest dreams—and into their nightmares.A FATAL EXCEPTION HAS OCCURRED AT . . . by Alan Dean Foster: Internet terrorism extends far beyond transmitting threats of evil.AND SEVENTEEN MORE HARROWING TALESFrom the Trade Paperback edition.vii • Introduction: The Call of Lovecraft • essay by Benjamin Adams and John Pelan1 • Details • short story by China Miéville21 • Visitation • short story by James Robert Smith33 • The Invisible Empire • novelette by James Van Pelt57 • A Victorian Pot Dresser • novelette by L. H. Maynard and M. P. N. Sims85 • The Cabin in the Woods • novelette by Richard Laymon109 • The Stuff of the Stars, Leaking • short story by Tim Lebbon125 • Sour Places • short story by Mark Chadbourn141 • Meet Me on the Other Side • short story by Yvonne Navarro161 • That's the Story of My Life • short story by Benjamin Adams and John Pelan181 • Long Meg and Her Daughters • novella by Paul Finch243 • A Fatal Exception Has Occurred At ... • short story by Alan Dean Foster261 • Dark of the Moon • short story by James S. Dorr275 • Red Clay • short story by Michael Reaves [as by J. Michael Reaves]291 • Principles and Parameters • novelette by Meredith L. Patterson325 • Are You Loathsome Tonight? • (1998) • short story by Poppy Z. Brite331 • The Serenade of Starlight • short story by W. H. Pugmire (variant of Serenade of Starlight) [as by W. H. Pugmire, Esq.]345 • Outside • short story by Steve Rasnic Tem355 • Nor the Demons Down Under the Sea • [Dandridge Cycle] • short story by Caitlín R. Kiernan371 • A Spectacle of a Man • short story by Weston Ochse389 • The Firebrand Symphony • (2001) • novelette by Brian Hodge437 • Teeth • novelette by Matt Cardin463 • Notes on the Contributors (Children of Cthulhu: Chilling New Tales Inspired by H.P. Lovecraft) • essay by Benjamin Adams and John Pelan

    But almost everything about it, from the elements that forged stars, planets, and lifeforms, to the fundamental forces of physics, can be traced back to what happened in just the first three minutes of its life.In this book, Nobel Laureate Steven Weinberg describes in wonderful detail what happened in these first three minutes. It is an exhilarating journey that begins with the Planck Epoch - the earliest period of time in the history of the universe - and goes through Einstein's Theory of Relativity, the Hubble Red Shift, and the detection of the Cosmic Microwave Background. These incredible discoveries all form the foundation for what we now understand as the "standard model" of the origin of the universe. The First Three Minutes examines not only what this model looks like, but also tells the exciting story of the bold thinkers who put it together.Clearly and accessibly written, The First Three Minutes is a modern-day classic, an unsurpassed explanation of where it is we really come from.

    Through the power of modern science and by applying the weight of human history, these blinks reveal how our love of fighting is grounded in our deepest human instincts.

    It features some of the very best short stories and novellas by today's masters of the macabre — including Neil Gaiman, Glen Hirshberg, Tanith Lee, Ramsey Campbell, and Charles Coleman Finlay.Contents: Summer / Al Sarrantonio --Digging deep / Ramsey Campbell --Night watch / John Gordon --Luxury of harm / Christopher Fowler --Sentinels / Mark Samuels --Saffron gatherers / Elizabeth Hand --What nature abhors / Mark Morris --Last reel / Lynda E. Rucker --American dead / Jay Lake --Between the cold moon and the earth / Peter Atkins --Sob in the silence / Gene Wolfe --Continuity error / Nicholas Royle --Dr. Prida's dream-plagued patient / Michael Bishop --Ones we leave behind / Mark Chadbourn --Mine / Joel Lane --Obsequy / David J. Schow --Thrown / Don Tumasonis --Houses under the sea / Caitlín R. Kiernan --They / David Morrell --Clockwork horror / F. Gwynplaine MacIntyre --Making cabinets / Richard Christian Matheson --Pol Pot's beautiful daughter (Fantasy) / Geoff Ryman --Devil's smile / Glen Hirshberg --Man who got off the ghost train / Kim Newman --Necrology: 2006 / Stephen Jones & Kim Newman.

    The critically acclaimed and award-winning tradition continues with another stunning collection, including stories by M. T. Anderson, Laird Barron, Simon Bestwick, Simon Brown, Stepan Chapman, Douglas Clegg, D. Ellis Dickerson, Terry Dowling, Andy Duncan, Jean Esteve, John Farris, Mélanie Fazi, Jeffrey Ford, Christopher Fowler, Stephen Gallagher, Theodora Goss, Elizabeth Hand, Alice Hoffman, Shelley Jackson, John Kessel, Margo Lanagan, Tanith Lee, Bentley Little, Elizabeth A. Lynn, Gregory Maguire, China Miéville, Richard Mueller, Joyce Carol Oates, Frances Oliver, Chuck Palahniuk, Tina Rath, Philip Raines and Harvey Welles, M. Rickert, Anna Ross, Alison Smith, R.T. Smith, Peter Straub, Lucy Sussex, Catherynne M. Valente, Greg Van Eekhout, and Conrad Williams. Rounding out the volume are the editors’ invaluable overviews of the year in fantasy and horror, and sections on comics, by Charles Vess, on anime and manga, by Joan D. Vinge, on media, by Ed Bryant, and on music, by Charles de Lint. With a long list of Honorable Mentions, this is an indispensable reference as well as the best reading available in fantasy and horror.

    We can find darkness anywhere: in a strange green stone etched with mysterious symbols; at a small town's annual picnic; in a ghostly house that is easy to enter but not so easy to leave; behind the dumpster in the alley where a harpy lives; in The Nowhere, a place where car keys, toys, people disappear to; among Polar explorers; and, most definitely, within ourselves. Darkness flies from mysterious crates; surrounds children whose nightlights have vanished; and flickers between us at the movie theater. Darkness crawls from the past and is waiting in our future; and there's always a chance that Halloween really is a door opening directly into endless shadow. Welcome to the dark. You may never want to leave. This inaugural volume of the year's best dark fantasy and horror features more than 500 pages of dark tales from some of today's finest writers of the fantastique. Chosen from a variety of sources, these stories are as eclectic and varied as the genre itself.Contents 9 • What the Hell Do You Mean By "Dark Fantasy and Horror?" • essay by Paula Guran13 • The Horrid Glory of Its Wings • (2009) • shortstory by Elizabeth Bear23 • Lowland Sea • (2009) • novelette by Suzy McKee Charnas41 • Copping Squid • (2009) • novelette by Michael Shea56 • Monsters • (2009) • novelette by Stewart O'Nan73 • The Brink of Eternity • (2009) • shortstory by Barbara Roden85 • Frost Mountain Picnic Massacre • (2009) • shortstory by Seth Fried95 • Sea-Hearts • (2009) • novella by Margo Lanagan138 • A Haunted House of Her Own • (2009) • shortfiction by Kelley Armstrong153 • Headstone in Your Pocket • (2009) • shortstory by Paul G. Tremblay [as by Paul Tremblay ]166 • The Coldest Girl in Coldtown • (2009) • novelette by Holly Black182 • Strange Scenes from an Unfinished Film • (2009) • shortstory by Gary McMahon190 • A Delicate Architecture • (2009) • shortstory by Catherynne M. Valente196 • The Mystery • (2009) • shortfiction by Peter Atkins205 • Variations on a Theme from Seinfeld • (2009) • shortstory by Peter Straub211 • The Wide, Carnivorous Sky • (2009) • shortfiction by John Langan251 • Certain Death for a Known Person • (2009) • novelette by Steve Duffy267 • The Ones Who Got Away • (2009) • shortfiction by Stephen Graham Jones274 • Leng • (2009) • shortfiction by Marc Laidlaw292 • Torn Away • (2009) • shortfiction by Joe R. Lansdale301 • The Nowhere Man • (2009) • shortfiction by Sarah Pinborough314 • The Bone's Prayer • (2009) • shortstory by Caitlín R. Kiernan327 • The Water Tower • (2009) • shortstory by John Mantooth337 • In the Porches of My Ears • (2009) • shortstory by Norman Prentiss348 • The Cinderella Game • (2009) • shortstory by Kelly Link355 • The Jacaranda Smile • (2009) • shortstory by Gemma Files366 • The Other Box • (2009) • shortfiction by Gerard Houarner388 • White Charles • [Kyle Murchison Booth] • (2009) • novelette by Sarah Monette406 • Everything Dies, Baby • (2009) • shortstory by Nadia Bulkin414 • Bruise for Bruise • (2009) • shortstory by Robert Davies422 • Respects • (2009) • shortstory by Ramsey Campbell433 • Diamond Shell • (2009) • shortstory by Deborah Biancotti446 • Nub Hut • (2009) • shortstory by Kurt Dinan452 • The Cabinet Child • (2009) • shortfiction by Steve Rasnic Tem458 • Cherrystone & Shards of Ice • (2009) • shortstory by Ekaterina Sedia469 • The Crevasse • (2009) • shortstory by Nathan Ballingrud and Dale Bailey482 • Vic • (2009) • shortfiction by Maura McHugh490 • Halloween Town • (2009) • novella by Lucius Shepard543 • The Long, Cold Goodbye • (2009) • novelette by Holly Phillips562 • What Happens When You Wake Up in the Night • (2009) • shortstory by Michael Marshall Smith

    This groundbreaking anthology inaugurates an exciting new annual tradition—a giant collection of the greatest fantasy and supernatural stories published in 1987.

    They built the Parthenon and the Library of Alexandria. They wrote down the timeless myths of Odysseus and Oedipus, and the histories of Leonidas’s three hundred Spartans and Alexander the Great. But understanding these uniquely influential people has been hampered by their diffusion across the entire Mediterranean. Most ancient Greeks did not live in what is now Greece but in settlements scattered across Turkey, Syria, Egypt, Libya, France, Italy, Bulgaria, Russia, and Ukraine. They never formed a single unified social or political entity. Acclaimed classics scholar Edith Hall’s Introducing the Ancient Greeks is the first book to offer a synthesis of the entire ancient Greek experience, from the rise of the Mycenaean kingdoms of the sixteenth century BC to the final victory of Christianity over paganism in AD 391.Each of the ten chapters visits a different Greek community at a different moment during the twenty centuries of ancient Greek history. In the process, the book makes a powerful original argument: A cluster of unique qualities made the Greeks special and made them the right people, at the right time, to take up the baton of human progress. According to Herodotus, the father of history, what made all Greeks identifiably Greek was their common descent from the same heroes, the way they sacrificed to their gods, their rules of decent behavior, and their beautiful language. Edith Hall argues, however, that their mind-set was just as important as their awe-inspiring achievements. They were rebellious, individualistic, inquisitive, open-minded, witty, rivalrous, admiring of excellence, articulate, and addicted to pleasure. But most important was their continuing identity as mariners, the restless seagoing lifestyle that brought them into contact with ethnically diverse peoples in countless new settlements, and the constant stimulus to technological innovation provided by their intense relationship with the sea.Expertly researched and elegantly told, Introducing the Ancient Greeks is an indispensable contribution to our understanding of the Greeks.

    "Of our journalists, one of the most able in the new style is Jose F. Lacaba. As TV and newsreel do, he puts you right on the scene... [H]e communicates the emotion, even the meaning of what's happening without having to spell it out." - Quijano de Manila

    From the self-mocking haikus of Zen masters on their deathbeds to the last words of Christian saints and modern-day sages, this text looks at what the world's greatest minds have made of death.