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    He left Spain during the civil war in 1938 and never returned.Stephen Kessler is a poet, translator, essayist, and editor.

    The selections include chronicle materials, poetry, and legal and religious sources, and each is accompanied by a brief introduction placing the text in its historical and cultural setting. Arranged chronologically, the documents are also keyed so as to be accessible to readers interested in specific topics such as urban life, the politics of the royal courts, interfaith relations, or women, marriage, and the family.For some historians, medieval Iberian society was primarily one of peaceful coexistence and cross-cultural fertilization; others have sketched a harsher picture of Muslims and Christians engaged in an ongoing contest for political, religious, and economic advantage culminating in the fall of Muslim Granada and the expulsion of the Jews in the late fifteenth century. The reality that emerges in Medieval Iberia is more nuanced than either of these scenarios can comprehend; this monumental collection offers unparalleled access to the multicultural complexity of the lands that would become modern Portugal and Spain.

    At that moment, he writes, "Everyone could see that one world had died, and that another had been born. Nothing could ever be the same." Paz joined an anarchist commando and fought on several fronts, battling communists and fascists alike. In the wake of the fascist victory, Paz was imprisoned for 11 years. Long afterward he wrote a short memoir to accompany photographs he and others had taken. The result is an extraordinarily rich, firsthand view of the conflict that will appeal to readers of George Orwell's like-minded Homage to Catalonia.

    Michael Solomon argues that these works gain their persuasive force by linking concerns over health and illness with men's behavior toward women. Solomon shows how the demonization of women in medieval society was more than vaguely cultural; it was a legitimate aspect of the healing arts, considered vital to the well-being of men.

    It has been designed to meet the needs of students at all levels, as well as the needs of tourists and business people. Offering extensive guidance to the meaning and use of over 45,000 words and phrases, and 70,000 translations, including up-to-date information on colloquial and technical words, this new reference book for modern Spanish and English covers the grammar of international Spanish, providing Latin-American usage wherever educated usage differs markedly from the European. The Grammar section offers full and clear coverage of the construction of the language, including explanations of the differences between spoken and written Spanish (with helpful examples taken from everyday speech, newspapers, and magazines), and separate sections on word order, prepositions and their use, punctuation, and up-to-date information on colloquial and technical words. With many example sentences showing words in use, helpful tips on translation problems and pronunciation traps, verb tables showing how to conjugate irregular verbs, and a comprehensive glossary of grammatical terms, this new reference book offers swift and easy-to-use reference for all aspects of the Spanish language. For those just learning the French or those fine-tuning their language skills, this is an essential resource.

    It is a self-contained volume based on return visits to the Frontier in the 1980s and 1990s.A combination of history, personal experience, and interpretation, Pathans of the Latter Day details the origins and structure of the volatile tribesmen living along Pakistan's border with Afghanistan, their highly developed code of law, Pukhtunwali, their acceptance of Pakistan, their relations with their Chinese neighbours, and their experiences during the wars in Afghanistan.A quietly humorous anecdotal style provides vivid glimpses of life among today's modernized Pathans, as well as among traditional tribesmen of the Afridi, Wazir, Mahsud, Yusufzai, Mohmand, and Khattak clans.

    Spain's overwhelming dominance in the 1580s seemed unassailable, yet by the Peace of Utrecht in 1713 its greatness had been eclipsed, leaving supremacy to Britain, France and, in the commercial sphere, the Dutch. In these essays (five of which are previously unpublished) Jonathan Israel argues that Spain's efforts to maintain her hegemony continued to be centred on the Low Countries. One should not readily assume that Spain's order of priorities was misconceived: at times she appeared to be close to succeeding. Both France and Britain were deeply riven by religious, political and social divisions during a large part of the seventeenth century. While it is true that after Spain's final defeat, at the Peace of the Pyrenees (1659), French preponderance within, and British supremacy outside, Europe seemed increasingly probable, the overthrow of James II in 1688 might well have been the prelude to political chaos and civil war in Britain. While long-term economic and social trends played a large part in shaping the outcome of events, it is also true that the impact of personalities and short-term contingencies could often be decisive.

    Peter Linehan, the foremost expert on medieval Spain, expertly sets forth the details of the affair and shows how the effects were felt not just in Spain but throughout Europe, even as far as the papal curia.Established in 1264 by two wealthy sisters, the convent of Las Due�as soon became the focus of a bitter jurisdictional struggle between the bishop of Zamora and the local Dominican friars to whose order a faction of the sisters hoped to have their convent incorporated. In 1279, the bishop visited the convent and interrogated thirty of the sisters. The records of this inquiry, hitherto unpublished, provide the documentary basis for this book, and they reveal startling discrepancies between the stern precepts of their rule and the relaxed realities of life behind the convent grille. They speak of sisters in love nests with friars at the convent gate, giving their prioress the evil eye, and threatening their bishop with sticks.At one level, the book can be read as an entertaining story--a saga of copulation, cross-dressing, and general mayhem. But Linehan uses the story to bring into sharp focus a number of usually unrelated aspects of the age: tensions between the mendicant orders and the local ecclesiastical authorities, thirteenth-century religiosity (female religiosity in particular), and collusion in high places, both in Castile and in Rome. One of the friars involved in the scandal eventually became Master-General of the Dominican Order until he was dismissed by Pope Nicholas IV in 1291. Finally, in 1300 Boniface VIII enacted a series of measures designed to bring under stricter control those damned friars (as he called them) and convents such as that of Las Due�as.The Ladies of Zamora provides novel insight into the century that began with Pope Innocent III's approval of the foundation of Saint Dominic's Order of Preachers and ended with a Dominican Order that had lost its innocence and fatally compromised the ideals that had already so profoundly affected Western society. We also see the social realities of a frontier society where the rule of law--canon law in particular--remained subject to the whim of willful men--not to mention women, of course.