Best of
Politics

1957

Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story


Martin Luther King Jr. - 1957
    Although it attempts to interpret what happened it does not purport to be a detailed survey of the historical and sociological aspects of the Montgomery story. .This is not a drama with only one actor. More precisely it is the chronicle of 50,000 Blacks who took to heart the principles of nonviolence, who learned to fight for their rights with the weapon of love, and who, in the process, acquired a new estimate of their own human worth. It is the story of Negro leaders of many faiths and divided allegiances, who came together in the bond of a cause they knew was right. And of the Negro followers, many of them beyond middle age, who walked to work and home again as much as 12 miles a day for over a year rather than submit to the discourtesies and humiliation of segregated buses. .There is also another side to the picture: it is the white community of Montgomery, long led or intimidated by a few extremists, that finally turned in disgust on the perpetrators of crime in the name of segregation. The change should not be exaggerated...Yet by the end of the bus struggle it was clear that the vast majority of Montgomery whites preferred peace and law to the excesses performed in its name. And even though the many saw segregation as right because it was the tradition, there were always the courageous few who saw the injustice and fought against it side by side with Blacks.

The Colonizer and the Colonized


Albert Memmi - 1957
    First published in English in 1965, this timeless classic explores the psychological effects of colonialism on colonized and colonizers alike.

The King's Two Bodies: A Study in Mediaeval Political Theology


Ernst H. Kantorowicz - 1957
    In The King's Two Bodies, Kantorowicz traces the historical problem posed by the King's two bodies--the body politic and the body natural--back to the Middle Ages and demonstrates, by placing the concept in its proper setting of medieval thought and political theory, how the early-modern Western monarchies gradually began to develop a political theology.?The king's natural body has physical attributes, suffers, and dies, naturally, as do all humans; but the king's other body, the spiritual body, transcends the earthly and serves as a symbol of his office as majesty with the divine right to rule. The notion of the two bodies allowed for the continuity of monarchy even when the monarch died, as summed up in the formulation The king is dead. Long live the king.Bringing together liturgical works, images, and polemical material, The King's Two Bodies explores the long Christian past behind this political theology. It provides a subtle history of how commonwealths developed symbolic means for establishing their sovereignty and, with such means, began to establish early forms of the nation-state.Kantorowicz fled Nazi Germany in 1938, after refusing to sign a Nazi loyalty oath, and settled in the United States. While teaching at the University of California, Berkeley, he once again refused to sign an oath of allegiance, this one designed to identify Communist Party sympathizers. He was dismissed as a result of the controversy and moved to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, where he remained for the rest of his life, and where he wrote The King's Two Bodies.

The Crisis of the Old Order 1919-33


Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. - 1957
    Schlesinger, Jr.’s Age of Roosevelt series, is the first of three books that interpret the political, economic, social, and intellectual history of the early twentieth century in terms of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the spokesman and symbol of the period. Portraying the United States from the Great War to the Great Depression, The Crisis of the Old Order covers the Jazz Age and the rise and fall of the cult of business. For a season, prosperity seemed permanent, but the illusion came to an end when Wall Street crashed in October 1929. Public trust in the wisdom of business leadership crashed too. With a dramatist’s eye for vivid detail and a scholar’s respect for accuracy, Schlesinger brings to life the era that gave rise to FDR and his New Deal and changed the public face of the United States forever.

Reflections on the Guillotine


Albert Camus - 1957
    An essay on capital punishment by the 1957 Nobel Prize winner.

A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace, 1812-1822


Henry Kissinger - 1957
    A World Restored analyses the alliances formed and treaties signed by the world's leaders during the years 1812 to 1822, focussing on the personalities of the two main negotiators: Viscount Castlereagh, the British foreign secretary, and Prince von Metternich, his Austrian counterpart. Henry Kissinger explains how the turbulent relationship between these two men, the differing concerns of their respective countries and the changing nature of diplomacy all influenced the final shape of the peace. Originally published in 1957.

Russell Kirk's Concise Guide to Conservatism


Russell Kirk - 1957
    Originally titled The Intelligent Woman's Guide to Conservatism, this little book was essentially a popular version of The Conservative Mind.   Now, a century after its author’s birth, this neglected gem has been recovered. It remains what Kirk intended it to be: an accessible introduction to conservative ideas, especially for the young. With a new title and an introduction by the eminent intellectual historian Wilfred M. McClay, Russell Kirk’s Concise Guide to Conservatism arrives with uncanny timing. The movement that Kirk defined in 1953 is today so contested and fragmented that no one seems able to say with confidence what conservatism means.  This book, as fresh and prophetic as the day it was published sixty years ago, is a reminder that no one can match Russell Kirk in engaging people’s minds and imaginations—an indispensable task in reviving our civilization.

Ghana: The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah


Kwame Nkrumah - 1957
    As the leader of the movement for independence, Nkrumah provides an illuminating discussion of the problems and conflicts along the way to political freedom, and the new prospects beyond. This book is essential for understanding the genesis of the African Revolution and the maturing of one of its outstanding leaders.

American Cause


Russell Kirk - 1957
    Russell Kirk, whose life and thought has recently been featured in C-SPAN's acclaimed American Writers series -- intended this little book to be an assertion of the moral and social principles upholding our nation. Kirk's primer is an aid to reflection on those principles -- political, economic, and religious -- that have united Americans when faced with challenges and threats from the enemies of ordered freedom. In this new age of terrorism, Kirk's lucid and straightforward presentation of the articles of American belief is both necessary and welcome. Gleaves Whitney's newly edited version of Kirk's work, combined with his insightful commentary, make The American Cause a timely addition to the literature of liberty.

The Coming Caesars


Amaury De Riencourt - 1957
    . . some later historian may dig out this book and proclaim him a prophet." -The New York Times "We owe it to ourselves to try to use challenging books like this..." -CRANE BRINTON, N. Y. Times Book Review "Excellent. .. One of the most balanced and appreciative views of European-American relationships. Mr. de Riencourt's thoughtful and stimulating, and in some parts even exciting, book may help the American people and the Administration to see their task of leadership in the present complex and revolutionary age in a historical perspective and with the needed self-critical humility. It is a book of learning and wisdom which should be widely read and discussed."—HANS KOHN, Saturday Review "Extremely vigorous, stimulating, and eminently readable."—Chicago Tribune "An extraordinary book. It is the first serious and full-scale application of the cyclical theories of history to the United States. Using the general perspective of Vico, Toynbee, and especially Spengler, Mr. de Riencourt displays the United States as the 'Rome' of Western Civilization, and from that standpoint interprets the American past, present and future. His hypothesis is bold, his analogies compelling, his specific material rich and varied. His book is by no means a mere abstract treatise for scholars. Any reasonably literate reader who has grown bored with routine journalistic platitudes about world affairs will find The Coming Caesars an absorbing intellectual experience and a profound moral challenge." —JAMES BURNHAM "The noted French historian and scholar predicts that the presidency of the U.S. will turn into a dictatorship if we do not beware . . . not by revolution, but by evolution." -U.S. News&World Report Summary: ‘In contrasting Classical and Western societies, we contrast the two most similar evolutions known to history.’ In The Coming Caesars Amaury de Riencourt presents an original, thought-provoking and at times controversial parallel between Graeco-Roman and European-American history. Based on extensive research and on the cyclical theory of historical evolution that sees culture and civilisation as two distinct phases, he compares Europe to ancient Greece and the United States to Rome. ‘Superimposing the thousand years of Greek culture that started in Homeric days with the thousand years of European culture that started at the dawn of the Gothic age’, he follows the development of European and American society during the last four centuries, focusing particularly on the rise of the United States’ global economic, political and military power and influence. In the light of comparison with Greece and Rome, the resemblance of certain historical events and tendencies and their symbolic meaning, The Coming Caesars proposes the possible threat of a re-emerging Caesarism. Writing in 1957, de Riencourt offers a rich and captivating analysis of the world’s economic and strategic situation that has stood the test of time; its relevance is no less apparent today.

The Responsibility of Peoples and Other Essays in Political Criticism


Dwight Macdonald - 1957
    

Disputed Barricade


Fitzroy Maclean - 1957
    PRE-ISBN.A wide-ranging view and considered interpretation of the life and achievements of Marshall Tito of Yugoslavia; written by a man who knew Tito personally, and had earned Tito’s deep respect.

The Fundamentals, of Revolutionary Communism


Amadeo Bordiga - 1957
    

The American Communist Party: A Critical History


Irving Howe - 1957
    After setting the stage for the appearance of the Party in this country, they deal with the "disorders and early sorrows" of the Communists, carefully relating them to events in Russia and Europe.

The Co-operative Movement in Indonesia


Mohammad Hatta - 1957
    

The Liberal Tradition from Fox to Keynes


Alan Bullock - 1957
    In the editors' lengthy introduction, and in their selection and annotation of passages from a wide range of sources, the outstanding contribution of British liberal thinkers is clearly and impressively displayed. In the great debate on political issues that has been going on continuously in Britain since the sixteenth century this is one of the most important contributions in its influence not only at home but overseas.

Freedom Wears a Crown


John Farthing - 1957
    History of republican government and the impact of the monarchy.

Oriental Despotism: A Comparative Study of Total Power


Karl A. Wittfogel - 1957
    In his view, many societies, mainly in Asia, relied heavily on the building of large-scale irrigation works. To do this, the state had to organize forced labor from the population at large. This required a large and complex bureaucracy staffed by competent and literate officials. This structure was uniquely placed to also crush civil society and any other force capable of mobilizing against the state. Such a state would inevitably be despotic, powerful, stable and wealthy.