These have offered us problems and claimed their solutions from us, the penalty of non-fulfilment being death or degradation.

    

    He was described by activist A. Philip Randolph as “the father of Harlem radicalism” and by the historian Joel Augustus Rogers as “the foremost Afro-American intellect of his time.” John G. Jackson of American Atheists described him as "The Black Socrates". He has been described as "the most distinguished, if not the most well-known, Caribbean radical in the United States in the early twentieth century" by the historian Winston James. As an intellectual, Harrison was an unrivaled soapbox orator, a featured lecturer for the New York City Board of Education’s prestigious “Trend of the Times” series, a prolific and influential writer, and, reportedly, the first Black person to write regularly published book reviews in history. His efforts in these areas were lauded by both black and white writers, intellectuals, and activists such as Eugene O’Neill, James Weldon Johnson, Henry Miller, Hermie Huiswoud, William Pickens, Bertha Howe, Hodge Kirnon, and Oscar Benson. Harrison aided Black writers and artists, including Charles Gilpin, Andy Razaf, J. A. Rogers, Eubie Blake, Walter Everette Hawkins, Claude McKay, Solomon Tshekisho Plaatje, Lucian B. Watkins, and Augusta Savage. He was a pioneer Black participant in the freethought and birth control movements as well as being a bibliophile and library popularizer. He created “Poetry for the People” columns in various publications, including the New Negro magazine (1919), Garvey’s Negro World (1920), and the International Colored Unity League’s The Voice of the Negro (1927). A sampling of his varied work and poetry appears in the edited collection A Hubert Harrison Reader (2001). His collected writings are found in the Hubert H. Harrison Papers (which also contain a detailed Finding Aid) at the Rare Book and Manuscript Library of Columbia University. Other writings appear in his two books The Negro and the Nation (1917) and When Africa Awakes. A two-volume biography by Jeffrey B. Perry is being published by Columbia University Press. The first volume, The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883-1918, was published in November 2008 . Other works include: Writings by Hubert H. Harrison “Hubert H. Harrison Papers, 1893-1927: Finding Aid,” Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University. A list of Harrison’s writings available at Columbia. On Columbia’s acquisition of the Papers see "Rare Book and Manuscript Library Acquires the Papers of Hubert Harrison." The Father of Harlem Radicalism,” Columbia University Library News. Columbia also plans to put Harrison’s Writings online. Harrison, Hubert H., “A Negro on Chicken Stealing", Letter to the editor, New York Times, December 11, 1904, p. 6. Harrison, Hubert, The Black Man’s Burden [1915]. Harrison, Hubert H., The Negro and Nation (New York: Cosmo-Advocate Publishing Company, 1917). Harrison, Hubert, "On A Certain Condescension in White Publishers," Negro World, March 1922. Harrison, Hubert H., When Africa Awakes: The “Inside Story” of the Stirrings and Strivings of the New Negro in the Western World (New York: Porro Press, 1920). "Transfer Day: Hubert Harrison’s Analysis", Virgin Islands Daily News, March 31. Personal biographical sketches Jackson, John G., “Hubert Henry Harrison: The Black Socrates,” American Atheists, February 1987. Moore, Richard B.