He was educated at the University of the City of New York and at the Reformed Dutch Theological Seminary, from which he graduated in 1856. He was pastor of the Second Reformed Dutch Church. In 1869, he removed to the Central Presbyterian Church in Brooklyn, where a large building known as the Tabernacle was erected for him in 1870. Later he became the associate pastor, with Dr. Byron Sunderland, of the First Presbyterian Church. During the last years of his life, Dr. Talmage ceased preaching and devoted himself to editing, writing, and lecturing. At different periods he was editor of the Christian at Work (1873-76) New York, the Advance (1877-79) Chicago, Frank Leslie's Sunday Magazine (1879-89) New York, and the Christian Herald (1890- 1902). His works include The Almond Tree in Blossom (1870), The Abominations of Modern Society (1872), New Tabernacle Sermons (1886), Crumbs Swept Up (1888), Around the Tea Table (1895), The Wedding Ring (1896) and Heavenly Recognition (1897).

    Known for his path-breaking research in Industrial Chemistry, he earned his D.Sc. from Edinburgh University in 1887. He was an indefatigable patriot with a saintly self-less character.Ray was born in 1861. As a young under-graduate student of Edinburgh University in 1885, Ray sent his essay India: Before and After the Mutiny for a competition organised by the University. Though considered the best entry, the essay was not awarded for obvious reasons. The essay shows the young talent's maturity and patriotism. Ray somehow got it published in a book form in 1886.

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