Best of
Neuroscience

2006

In Search of Memory: The Emergence of a New Science of Mind


Eric R. Kandel - 2006
    Nobel Prize winner Kandel intertwines cogntive psychology, neuroscience, and molecular biology with his own quest to understand memory.

The Neuroscience of Human Relationships: Attachment And the Developing Social Brain


Louis Cozolino - 2006
    Louis Cozolino shows us how brains are highly social organisms. Balancing cogent explanation with instructive brain diagrams, he presents an atlas of sorts, illustrating how the architecture and development of brain systems from before birth through adulthood determine how we interact with others.

Rhythms of the Brain


György Buzsáki - 2006
    This book provides eloquent support for the idea that spontaneous neuron activity, far from being mere noise, is actually the source of our cognitive abilities. It takes a fresh look at the co-evolution of structure and function in the mammalian brain, illustrating how self-emerged oscillatory timing is the brains fundamental organizer of neuronal information. The small world-like connectivity of the cerebral cortex allows for global computation on multiple spatial and temporal scales. The perpetual interactions among the multiple network oscillators keep cortical systems in a highly sensitive metastable state and provide energy-efficient synchronizing mechanisms via weak links.In a sequence of cycles, Gy�rgy Buzs�ki guides the reader from the physics of oscillations through neuronal assembly organization to complex cognitive processing and memory storage. His clear, fluid writing accessible to any reader with some scientific knowledge is supplemented by extensive footnotes and references that make it just as gratifying and instructive a read for the specialist. The coherent view of a single author who has been at the forefront of research in this exciting field, this volume is essential reading for anyone interested in our rapidly evolving understanding of the brain.

Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience: The Geometry of Excitability and Bursting


Eugene M. Izhikevich - 2006
    This is an explanation of the relationship of electrophysiology, nonlinear dynamics, and the computational properties of neurons, with each concept presented in terms of both neuroscience and mathematics and illustrated using geometrical intuition.

Basic Vision: An Introduction to Visual Perception


Robert Snowden - 2006
    It leads us through the various elements that come together in our perception of the world around us: size, color, motion, and three-dimensional space. The book illustrates the intricacy of the visual system, discussing its development during infancy, and reveals how the brain can get it wrong. It also demonstrates the importance of contemporary techniques and methodology--neuroscience-based techniques in particular--in advancing our understanding of the visual system.With a sense of enthusiasm for the subject that pervades the book, Basic Vision is ideal for undergraduate courses in visual perception.Online Resource Center: For Lecturers:- Downloadable figures to facilitate lecture preparation- Customizable course outlines and student handouts, to facilitate lecture delivery- Test bank of multiple-choice questions - a readily available tool for either formative or summative assessmentFor Students:- Annotated web links that provide ready access to additional learning resources- Update section that links to websites and journal articles covering developments in the field since the book published

Neuropsychotherapy: How the Neurosciences Inform Effective Psychotherapy


Klaus Grawe - 2006
    It is essential for psychotherapists, psychotherapy researchers, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, neuroscientists, and mental-health professionals. Profoundly important and innovative, this volume" "provides necessary know-how for professionals as it connects the findings of modern neuroscience to the insights of psychotherapy. Throughout the book, a new picture unfolds of the empirical grounds of effective psychotherapeutic work. Author Klaus Grawe articulates a comprehensive model of psychological functioning-consistency theory-and bridges the gap between the neurosciences and the understanding of psychological disorders and their treatment. "Neuropsychotherapy" illustrates that psychotherapy can be even more effective when it is grounded in a neuroscientific approach. Cutting across disciplines that are characteristically disparate, the book identifies the neural foundations of various disorders, suggests specific psychotherapeutic conclusions, and makes neuroscientific knowledge more accessible to psychotherapists. The book's discussion of consistency theory reveals the model is firmly connected to other psychological theoretical approaches, from control theory to cognitive-behavioral models to basic need theories.

The Continuity Of Mind


Michael Spivey - 2006
    The traditional information-processing framework in psychology, with its computer metaphor of the mind, is still considered to be the mainstream approach, but dynamical-systems accounts of mental activity are now receiving a more rigorous treatment, allowing them to more beyond merely brandishing trendy buzzwords. The Continuity of the Mind will help to galvanize the forces of dynamical systems theory, cognitive and computational neuroscience, connectionism, and ecological psychology that are needed to complete this paradigm shift.In The Continuity of the Mind Michael Spivey lays bare the fact that comprehending a spoken sentence, understanding a visual scene, or just thinking about the days events involves the serial coalescing of different neuronal activation patterns, i.e., a state-space trajectory that flirts with a series of point attractors. As a result, the brain cannot help but spend most of its time instantiating patterns of activity that are in between identifiable mental states rather than in them. When this scenario is combined with the fact that most cognitive processes are richly embedded in their environmental context in real time, the state space (in which brief visitations of attractor basins are your thoughts) suddenly encompasses not just neuronal dimensions, but extends to biomechanical and environmental dimensions as well. As a result, your moment-by-moment experience of the world around you, even right now, can be described as a continuous trajectory through a high-dimensional state space that is comprised of diverse mental states.Spivey has arranged The Continuity of the Mind to present a systematic overview of how perception, cognition, and action are partially overlapping segments of one continuous mental flow, rather than three distinct mental systems. The initial chapters provide empirical demonstrations of the gray areas in mental activity that happen in between discretely labeled mental events, as well as geometric visualizations of attractors in state space that make the dynamical-systems framework seem less mathematically abstract. The middle chapters present scores of behavioral and neurophysiological studies that portray the continuous temporal dynamics inherent in categorization, language comprehension, visual perception, as well as attention, action, and reasoning. The final chapters conclude with discussions of what the mind itself must look like if its activity is continuous in time and its contents are distributed in state space.

Why We Believe What We Believe: Uncovering Our Biological Need for Meaning, Spirituality, and Truth


Andrew B. Newberg - 2006
    Bridging science, psychology, and religion, they demonstrate, in simple terminology, how the brain perceives reality and transforms it into an extraordinary range of personal, ethical, and creative premises that we use to build meaning, value, spirituality, and truth into our lives. When you come to understand this remarkable process, it will change forever the way you look at the world and yourself. Supported by groundbreaking research, including brain scans of people as they pray, meditate, and even speak in tongues, Newberg and Waldman propose a new model for how deep convictions emerge and influence our lives. You will even glimpse how the mind of an atheist works when contemplating God. Using personal stories, moral paradoxes, and optical illusions, the authors demonstrate how our brains construct our fondest assumptions about reality, offering recommendations for exercising your most important "muscle" in order to develop a more life-affirming, flexible range of attitudes.You'll discover how to:Recognize when your beliefs are altered by othersGuard against mental traps and prejudicial thinkingDistinguish between destructive and constructive beliefsCultivate spiritual and ethical idealsUltimately, we must always return to our beliefs. From the ordinary to the extraordinary, they give meaning to the mysteries of life, providing us with our individual uniqueness and the ability to fill our lives with joy. Most important, though, they give us inspiration and hope, beacons to guide us through the light and dark corners of the soul.

Reflections on the Dawn of Consciousness: Julian Jaynes's Bicameral Mind Theory Revisited


Marcel Kuijsten - 2006
    Julian Jaynes, Dr. Michael Carr, Prof. Scott Greer, Dr. John Hamilton, Marcel Kuijsten, Prof. John Limber, Prof. Brian McVeigh, Prof. David Stove, June Tower, Prof. William Woodward, and a Foreword by Prof. Michael Persinger

How the Body Shapes the Way We Think: A New View of Intelligence


Rolf Pfeifer - 2006
    They argue that the kinds of thoughts we are capable of have their foundation in our embodiment--in our morphology and the material properties of our bodies.This crucial notion of embodiment underlies fundamental changes in the field of artificial intelligence over the past two decades, and Pfeifer and Bongard use the basic methodology of artificial intelligence--understanding by building--to describe their insights. If we understand how to design and build intelligent systems, they reason, we will better understand intelligence in general. In accessible, nontechnical language, and using many examples, they introduce the basic concepts by building on recent developments in robotics, biology, neuroscience, and psychology to outline a possible theory of intelligence. They illustrate applications of such a theory in ubiquitous computing, business and management, and the psychology of human memory. Embodied intelligence, as described by Pfeifer and Bongard, has important implications for our understanding of both natural and artificial intelligence.

Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy


Joseph R. Lakowicz - 2006
    Organized as a broadly useful textbook Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, 3rd edition maintains its emphasis on basics, while updating the examples to include recent results from the scientific literature. The third edition includes new chapters on single molecule detection, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, novel probes and radiative decay engineering. Includes a CD-ROM reproducing all book artwork, for easy use in lecture slides. This is an essential volume for students, researchers, and industry professionals in biophysics, biochemistry, biotechnology, bioengineering, biology and medicine. Editorial Reviews - Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy From the Publisher The third edition of this established classic text reference builds upon the strengths of its very popular predecessors. Organized as a broadly useful textbook Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, 3rd edition maintains its emphasis on basics, while updating the examples to include recent results from the scientific literature. The third edition includes new chapters on single molecule detection, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, novel probes and radiative decay engineering. Includes a CD-ROM reproducing all book artwork, for easy use in lecture slides. This is an essential volume for students, researchers, and industry professionals in biophysics, biochemistry, biotechnology, bioengineering, biology and medicine. From the Publisher "In the second edition of Principles I have attempted to maintain the emphasis on basics, while updating the examples to include more recent results from the literature. There is a new chapter providing an overview of extrinisic fluorophores. The discussion of time-resolved measurements has been expanded to two chapters. Quenching has also been expanded in two chapters. Energy transfer and anisotropy have ea

Dance Movement Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice


Helen Payne - 2006
    Recent research is incorporated, along with developments in theory and practice, to provide a comprehensive overview of this fast-growing field.Helen Payne brings together contributions from experts in the field to offer the reader a valuable insight into the theory and practice of dance movement therapy. The contributions reflect the breadth of developing approaches, covering subjects including:dance movement therapy with people with dementia group work with people with enduring mental health difficulties transcultural competence in dance movement therapy Freudian thought applied to authentic movement embodiment in dance movement therapy training and practice personal development through dance movement therapy.Dance Movement Therapy will be a valuable resource for anyone who wishes to learn more about the therapeutic use of creative movement and dance. It will be welcomed by students and practitioners in the arts therapies, psychotherapy, counselling and other health and social care professions.

The Whole Movement Of Life Is Learning: J. Krishnamurti's Letters To His Schools


Jiddu Krishnamurti - 2006
    

The End of Suffering: Fearless Living in Troubled Times... or, How to Get Out of Hell Free


James J. Hurtak - 2006
    The legacy of Aristotle is that we think that things must be either true or untrue. Thus we tend to think in terms of polarities: good or evil, right or wrong, Democrat or Republican. This friend-or-foe approach may seem to make life easier, but Russell Targ and J. J. Hurtak in The End of Suffering, assert that this worldview only increases our experience of suffering.In an effort to overcome the polarity of opposites and the accompanying suffering, Targ and Hurtak combine the wisdom of the East with the finding of quantum physics and uncover a middle ground that shows opposing sides are really the same.Buddha taught us to live a helpful and compassionate life and to surrender our ego to the peace of spaciousness. The middle path of Buddhism shows that things may also be neither true nor not true, or both true and untrue. Remarkably, recent discoveries in modern physics echo these ancient teachings.The End of Suffering puts these perceived opposites--Buddhism and physics--together and shows, step-by-step, how we can learn to surrender the story of who we think we are and experience an end to our suffering.

Blackwell Companion to Consciousness


Susan Schneider - 2006
    Provides a variety of philosophical and scientific perspectives that create a breadth of understanding of the topicTopics include the origins and extent of consciousness, different consciousness experiences, such as meditation and drug-induced states, and the neuroscience of consciousness

The Hippocampus Book


Per Andersen - 2006
    Long known to be important for memory, it has been a prime focus of neuroscience research for many years. The Hippocampus Book promises to facilitate developments in the field in amajor way by bringing together, for the first time, contributions by leading international scientists knowledgeable about hippocampal anatomy, physiology, and function. This authoritative volume offers the most comprehensive, up-to-date account of what the hippocampus does, how it does it, and whathappens when things go wrong. At the same time, it illustrates how research focusing on this single brain structure has revealed principles of wider generality for the whole brain in relation to anatomical connectivity, synaptic plasticity, cognition and behavior, and computational algorithms.Well-organized in its presentation of both theory and experimental data, this peerless work vividly illustrates the astonishing progress that has been made in unraveling the workings of the brain. The Hippocampus Book is destined to take a central place on every neuroscientist's bookshelf.

The Architecture of the Mind: Massive Modularity and the Flexibility of Thought


Peter Carruthers - 2006
    Written with unusual clarity and directness, andsurveying an extensive range of research in cognitive science, it will be essential reading for anyone with an interest in the nature and organization of the mind.

Efficient Learning for the Poor: Insights from the Frontier of Cognitive Neuroscience


Helen Abadzi - 2006
    But mere enrollment is not sufficient, students must become fluent in reading and calculation by the end of grade 2. Fluency is needed to process large amounts of text quickly and use the information for decisions that may ultimately reduce poverty. State-of-the-art brain imaging and cognitive psychology research can help formulate effective policies for improving the basic skills of low-income students. This book integrates research into applications that extend from preschool brain development to the memory of adult educators. In layman's terms, it provides explanations and answers to questions such as: - Why do children have to read fast before they can understand what they read? - How do health, nutrition, and stimulation influence brain development? - Why should students learn basic skills in their maternal language? - Is there such a thing as an untrained teacher? - What signs in a classroom show whether students are getting a quality education? - How must information be presented in class so that students can retain it and use it? - What training techniques are most likely to help staff put their learning into use? This book would be useful to policymakers, donor agency staff, teacher trainers, supervisors, and inspectors, as well as university professors and students.