Introduces students to the technology and terminology they will encounter in industrial practice. Presents short-cut techniques for specifying equipment or isolating important elements of a design project. Emphasizes project definition, flow sheet development and equipment specification. Covers the economics of process design. End-of-chapter exercises guide students through step-by-step solutions of design problems. Includes four case studies from past AICHE competitions.

    The disconnection approach is used throughout so that starting materials are chosen after analysing the structure of the target molecule. There are forty chapters: those on the synthesis of given types of molecule alternate with strategy chapters in which the methods just learnt are placed in a wider context. The instructional chapters cover many ways of making each type of molecule starting with simple aromatic and aliphatic compounds with one functional group and progressing to molecules with many functional groups. The number and position of these functional groups provides the classification for these chapters. The strategy chapters cover questions of selectivity, protection, and stereochemistry, and develop more advanced strategic thinking via reagents specially designed for difficult problems. Examples are drawn from pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, natural products, pheromones, perfumery and flavouring compounds, dyestuffs, monomers, and intermediates used in more advanced synthetic work. Reasons for wishing to synthesise each compound are given, and further examples can be found in the accompanying workbook which also gives many problems and solutions classified in the same way as the main text. The book will also assist more experienced chemists who feel they are out of touch with present day thinking on the subject. Workbook for Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach The workbook which supports this text provides an extra selection of examples. Each example is analysed in the same way as those in the main text with disconnections followed by synthesis, allowing the student to explore a wider range of types of target molecule and synthetic method. The main function of the workbook is, however, to provide a graded series of problems which extend the students experience of the types of molecules being synthesised by organic chemists. These, together with the examples, are classified into the same 40 chapters as the main text so that it is possible to use them in conjunction with it. Each problem is followed by a suggested solution or solutions analysed in the same way as the examples and no methodology other than that introduced in the main text is required. Examples and problems are interspersed to provide a developing chain of argument

    This edition contains NEW tables on Properties of Ionic Liquids, Solubilities of Hydrocarbons in Sea Water, Solubility of Organic Compounds in Superheated Water, and Nutritive Value of Foods. It also updates many tables including Critical Constants, Heats of Vaporization, Aqueous Solubility of Organic Compounds, Vapor Pressure of Mercury, Scientific Abbreviations and Symbols, and Bond Dissociation Energies. The 88th Edition also presents a new Foreword written by Dr. Harold Kroto, a 1996 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry.

    The authors include Discovery Institute fellows Charles Thaxton and Walter Bradley, and they conclude that the prebiotic soup from which the first cell supposedly arose is a myth. The Miller-Urey experiments employed an unrealistic gas mixture, and there is no geological evidence for its existence in Earth's distant past. The "soup" faces a myriad of other problems, such as inevitable rapid destruction at the hands of radiation.The authors also take aim at the dominant paradigm for chemical evolution using technical arguments from thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics has been misused by creationists who failed to treat the fact that Earth is an open system. But Thaxton, Bradley, and Olsen takes this point into account as they argue that thermodynamics is eminently applicable to assessing whether unguided chemical reactions can organize matter into life. Their conclusion is that natural laws cannot account for the encoded "specified complexity" inherent in biomolecules.The epilogue looks forward to other possible explanations for the origin of life. The book was published in 1984 when the United States was immersed in debate over Genesis-based creationism. Yet these authors take a different approach that is ahead of its time. They recognize that science requires an observation-based understanding of cause-and-effect relationships. Thus they set aside biblical arguments and focus instead on observations about the natural world and intelligence. After demonstrating that various undirected causes lack the power to produce complex information, they note, "We have observational evidence in the present that intelligent investigators can (and do) build contrivances to channel energy down nonrandom chemical pathways to bring about some complex chemical synthesis, even gene building." The authors then pose a simple question: "May not the principle of uniformity suggest that DNA had an intelligent cause at the beginning?""A valuable summary of the evidence against the chemical evolution of life out of non-living matter. It presents a very well thought-out and clearly written analysis of the alternatives to the accepted scientific theory of the origin of life." - Robert Jastrow, Founder and Former Director of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies of NASA, author of several acclaimed books including God and The Astronomers."The authors have made an important contribution to the origin of life field. Many workers in this area believe that an adequate scientific explanation for the beginning of life on Earth has already been made. Their point of view has been widely disseminated in texts and the media, and to a large extent, has been accepted by the public. This new work brings together the major scientific arguments that demonstrate the inadequacy of current theories. Although I do not share the final philosophical conclusion that the authors reach, I welcome their contribution. It will help to clarify our thinking... I would recommend this book to everyone with a scientific background and interest in the origin of life."- Robert Shapiro, Professor of Chemistry at New York University, and co-author of Life Beyond Earth."Arguments are cogent, original and compelling... The authors believe, and I now concur, that there is a fundamental flaw in all current theories of the chemical origins of life."- Dean H. Kenyon, Professor of Biology at San Francisco State University, and co-author of Biochemical Predestination.

    Now the authors have completely revised and updated the text, including more than 2000 new literature references to work published since the first edition. No page has been left unaltered but the novel features which proved so attractive have been retained. The book presents a balanced, coherent and comprehensive account of the chemistry of the elements for both undergraduate and postgraduate students. This crucial central area of chemistry is full of ingenious experiments, intriguing compounds and exciting new discoveries. The authors specifically avoid the term `inorganic chemistry' since this evokes an outmoded view of chemistry which is no longer appropriate in the final decade of the 20th century.Accordingly, the book covers not only the 'inorganic' chemistry of the elements, but also analytical, theoretical, industrial, organometallic, bio-inorganic and other cognate areas of chemistry. The authors have broken with recent tradition in the teaching of their subject and adopted a new and highly successful approach based on descriptive chemistry. The chemistry of the elements is still discussed within the context of an underlying theoretical framework, giving cohesion and structure to the text, but at all times the chemical facts are emphasized. Students are invited to enter the exciting world of chemical phenomena with a sound knowledge and understanding of the subject, to approach experimentation with an open mind, and to assess observations reliably. This is a book that students will not only value during their formal education, but will keep and refer to throughout their careers as chemists.

    This Third Edition of the classic, best-selling polymer science textbook surveys theory and practice of all major phases of polymer science, engineering, and technology, including polymerization, solution theory, fractionation and molecular-weight measurement, solid-state properties, structure-property relationships, and the preparation, fabrication and properties of commercially-important plastics, fibers, and elastomers.

    It systematically develops the dynamics of many-oscillator systems of dissipative type, with special emphasis on oscillating reaction-diffusion systems. The author applies the reductive perturbation method and the phase description method to the onset of collective rhythms, the formation of wave patterns, and diffusion-induced chemical turbulence.This two-part treatment starts with a section on methods, defining and exploring the reductive perturbation method — oscillators versus fields of oscillators, the Stuart-Landau equation, onset of oscillations in distributed systems, and the Ginzburg-Landau equations. It further examines methods of phase description, including systems of weakly coupled oscillators, one-oscillator problems, nonlinear phase diffusion equations, and representation by the Floquet eigenvectors.Additional methods include systematic perturbation expansion, generalization of the nonlinear phase diffusion equation, and the dynamics of both slowly varying wavefronts and slowly phase-modulated periodic waves. The second part illustrates applications, from mutual entrainment to chemical waves and chemical turbulence. The text concludes with a pair of convenient appendixes.