The Common Reader


Virginia Woolf - 1925
    This collection has more than twenty-five selections, including such important statements as "Modern Fiction" and "The Modern Essay."

Politics and the English Language


George Orwell - 1946
    The essay focuses on political language, which, according to Orwell, "is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind." Orwell believed that the language used was necessarily vague or meaningless because it was intended to hide the truth rather than express it.